温度不敏感的错位熔接-粗锥型光子晶体光纤曲率传感器

提出了一种可以用于曲率矢量测量的温度不敏感的错位熔接-粗锥型光子晶体光纤(PCF)曲率传感器，它由两段普通单模光纤(SMF)之间熔接一段PCF组成，呈SMF-PCF-SMF结构。其中PCF的一端与SMF错位熔接导致传感器圆柱轴不对称，使得传输光谱在两个对称弯曲方向上出现明显的红移和蓝移现象；另一端与SMF通过过度熔接形成粗锥，最终形成马赫-曾德尔干涉仪。实验研究了传感器的曲率和温度特性，结果表明，在0.12~1.06 m-1的曲率范围内，凹向弯曲时的光谱发生红移，其灵敏度为11.22 nm/m-1，凸向弯曲时的光谱发生蓝移，其灵敏度为-13.62 nm/m-1，且凹向弯曲时和凸向弯曲时均具有较好的线性度；在20~80 ℃的温度范围内，此传感器的温度灵敏度仅为1.63 pm/℃，具有对温度不敏感的特性。该传感器与传统光纤传感器相比，能够避免温度与曲率同时测量时的交叉敏感问题，具有易于制备、结构简单、灵敏度高等优势，可用于工业生产、建筑监测、航天航空等领域。

Abstract

A temperature insensitive curvature sensor of the photonic crystal fiber (PCF) based on core-offset splicing and waist-enlarged fiber taper is presented. The sensor can measure the curvature magnitude and direction. The SMF-PCF-SMF structure is fabricated by drawing a length of PCF fused and spliced between two single-mode fibers (SMF). One end-face of the PCF is core-offset spliced with a SMF, so that the sensor can form an asymmetrical structure on the axial direction. When the sensor bends on two symmetrical directions, the red shift and blue shift phenomena of the transmission spectrum appear obviously. The other end-face of the PCF excessively spliced with another SMF forms a waist-enlarged fiber taper, and finally the Mach-Zehnder interferometer is obtained. Curvature and temperature response characteristics of the sensor are studied experimentally. When the curvature is in the range of 0.12 m-1 to 1.06 m-1, the results show that the spectrum is red-shift in concave bending and blue-shift in convex bending. Besides it has a good linearity. The sensitivities are 11.22 nm/m-1 and -13.62 nm/m-1, respectively. In the range of 20 ℃ to 80 ℃, the temperature sensitivity of the sensor is only 1.63 pm/℃, so it shows a temperature insensitive property. Compared with the traditional fiber sensors, the cross sensitivity of temperature and curvature simultaneous measurement can be avoided in the proposed sensor which also has advantages including easy fabrication, simple structure and high sensitivity. It can be used in such fields as industrial production, building monitoring and aerospace.

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付广伟, 李颀峰, 李昀璞, 杨传庆, 付兴虎, 毕卫红. 温度不敏感的错位熔接-粗锥型光子晶体光纤曲率传感器[J]. 光学学报, 2016, 36(11): 1106007. Fu Guangwei, Li Qifeng, Li Yunpu, Yang Chuanqing, Fu Xinghu, Bi Weihong. Temperature Insensitive Curvature Sensor of Photonic Crystal Fiber Based on Core-Offset Splicing and Waist-Enlarged Fiber Taper[J]. Acta Optica Sinica, 2016, 36(11): 1106007.

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