自从10年前通过电镜观察到单光束飞秒激光辐照石英玻璃内部能诱导出自组织纳米光栅结构后，这个方向迅速成为飞秒激光微加工领域的一个研究热点。对纳米光栅结构的研究现状进行了综述，并对其物理化学特性、应用领域以及形成过程中的影响因素等分别进行了介绍，最后对当前研究中存在的机遇与挑战做了展望。

Single beam femtosecond laser induced self-organized nanograting in fused silica has been a research focus in the field of femtosecond laser material processing since it was firstly characterized by electron microscope ten years ago. Here the formation of self-organized nanograting is briefly introduced, together with its physicochemical properties, applications, and influencing factors. In addition, we point out the critical issues at present and suggest the potential research directions of this field as well.