在弱物体近似下从成像系统角度对光学相干层析测量技术进行了理论研究。分析了该技术测量样品纵深结构时图像的形成机理，结果表明它相当于一复振幅线性平移不变系统，从而可用相干传递函数描述系统性能。所得相干传递函数表明系统具有低通特性，半峰值带宽Δｋ＝2Δλ/λ2。由于物体频谱整体平移了1/λ，测量的是纵向结构的高频信息。本文的工作为定量分析光学相干层析对未知结构的测量结果及进一步提高空间分辨率提供了理论基础。

Optical coherence tomography (OCT) has been analyzed theoretically as an imaging system upon the weak object approximation. It has been proved that the OCT system behaves as a linear shift invariance system and can be described precisely by a coherent transfer function (CTF). The derived longitude CTF has shown that the system performs like a low pass filter with a FWHM Δ k=2 Δ λ/λ 2 . High spatial frequency structure is detected because the spectrum of the object shifted a distance of 1/λ . This research will provide a theoretical basis to quantitatively analyzed the measuring results of the unknown structure and to increase further the spatial resolution.