以三聚氰胺和多聚甲醛为原料,二甲基亚砜为溶剂制备三聚氰胺-甲醛(MF)气凝胶, 湿凝胶经超临界干燥, 制备出密度最低可达70 kg/m3的MF气凝胶。采用红外吸收光谱、场发射扫描电镜、N2吸附-脱吸附分析和热失重分析表征了MF气凝胶的组成、微结构以及热性能。结果表明:以二甲基亚砜为溶剂制备的MF气凝胶, 虽然其微观结构较以水为溶剂的气凝胶差, 比表面积及孔径分布均一性均降低, 但是其热稳定性有所提高。

Low density melamine-formaldehyde(MF) aerogels were prepared by sol-gel method and CO2 supercritical drying process. Melamine and formaldehyde were used as precursors and Di methyl sulfoxide(DMOS) was used as solvent. The obtained MF aerogel had a low density of 70 kg/m3. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, field emission scanning electron microscopy, nitrogen adsorption and desorption analysis and thermo gravimetric analyses were employed to character the structure and thermal stability of MF aerogels. The results indicated that the MF aerogels using DMOS as solvent had poorer microstructure than those using water as solvent, but presented better thermal stability.