为解决红外地球敏感器地面性能测试实验中需要模拟多种地球张角的现实问题, 文中利用准直光学系统模拟目标, 对多轨道红外地球模拟的技术进行了深入研究。提出一种可变地球张角模拟的总体方案, 并对模拟器各关键部分锗准直透镜、可变地球光阑等进行了详细的光机结构设计, 给出了设计结果和设计方法。针对地球模拟器地球张角检测的需求, 还提出一种地球张角检测方法, 搭建了检测装置, 并对模拟的不同轨道对应的地球张角进行了实测, 结果表明: 对应于18 000、35 786、42 000 km三种轨道高度的地球张角模拟精度均优于±0.05°, 完全符合对红外地球敏感器的标定要求。

The infrared earth sensor is a pose measuring component located on man-made earth satellite for measuring the attitude deviation between the satellite body and the earth. And the collimating infrared earth simulator is the main demarcating device for testing high orbit satellite infrared earth sensor on the ground. In order to solve the practical problem, it is needed to simulate a variety of earth angles during the earth sensor ground performance test. A multi-track infrared earth simulation technology was studied deeply by using a collimating optical system to simulate the target. A general scheme of simulating variable earth angles was proposed, the optical and mechanical structure design methods of key parts on the simulator such as the germanium lens optical system and the variable earth aperture were illustrated in detail. Aiming at the requirement of detection of earth angles, a method of detecting earth angles was also proposed. A detection device was set up, and the simulated earth angles under different tracks were measured actually. The test results show that the simulation accuracy of each earth angle corresponding to orbit altitude 18 000, 35 786, 42 000 km is better than ±0.05°, which can be fully in line with the calibration requirements of the earth sensor.