光声显微成像（PAM）是一种具有无损、多功能、高分辨率等特点的生物医学成像技术，通过检测光声信号进行图像重建可实现高分辨率和高深度的结构和功能成像，在生命科学、基础医学和医疗诊断中发挥着越来越重要的作用。首先概述光声显微技术的发展背景和原理特点，然后对利用光学增强、声学增强、人工智能增强及光学与声学互补的光声显微成像术促进成像性能提升的方法进行论述，最后讨论当前光声显微技术在生物医学研究中的广泛应用，并对未来技术的发展趋势进行展望。

Photoacoustic microscopy (PAM) is a noninvasive imaging technique that has undergone remarkable advancements and applications in the field of life sciences, basic medical research, and medical diagnostics. It operates on the unique principles of detecting photoacoustic signals and reconstructing them to create high-resolution, in-depth structural and functional images. This paper offers a comprehensive overview of the developmental background and unique principles behind photoacoustic microscopy. As we delve deeper, we explored various methods that have been employed to boost imaging performance. These include, but are not limited to, optical enhancement, acoustic enhancement, exploitation of artificial intelligence to augment the entire process. Moreover, there has been a significant focus on the harmonious integration of optics and acoustics in PAM. Ultimately, we discussed the extensive applications of current PAM in modern biomedical research and provided insights into the future developmental trends of this technique.