作为一种非平庸的拓扑结构，光学斯格明子近年来受到广泛的关注。由于具备尺寸小、稳定性高、拓扑结构多样等特点，光学斯格明子在高分辨率偏振成像、高密度光信息存储、高精度位移传感等领域具有潜在的应用价值。首先介绍光学斯格明子的基本原理及其激发与检测手段，然后分类总结不同光学系统中光学斯格明子的国内外研究进展。针对光学斯格明子的深亚波长特性，还综述其近年来相关的应用研究进展，并对其前景进行分析与展望。

Recently, photonic skyrmion as a topological nontrivial structure has attracted widely research attention. Due to their ultracompact size, high stability, and diversity of topologies, photonic skyrmions have potential value in applications of high-resolution polarization imaging, high-density optical information storage, and high-precision displacement sensing. In this paper, the fundamental mechanisms and the excitation and detection methods of photonic skyrmion are introduced, and the domestic and foreign state-of-the-art studies on the photonic skyrmion in different optical systems are summarized. In view of the deep-subwavelength features of the photonic skyrmion, the recent research progress of the applications of photonic skyrmions is also reviewed, and its future development is analyzed and prospected.