在中国颜料使用历史中, 铜绿是绿色颜料中使用较为普遍的一种, 具有使用地域广、 时间长的特点。 以碱式氯化铜为主要成分的铜绿为研究对象, 探讨了其性质、 四种同分异构体的光谱特性及热力学稳定性, 并介绍了在彩绘文物中的应用。 结果表明, 采用拉曼光谱分析可以快速鉴别铜绿四种同分异构体, 且对样品仅微损甚至无损。 碱式氯化铜四种同分异构体的稳定性大小依次为: 斜氯铜矿＞副氯铜矿＞氯铜矿＞羟氯铜矿。 对文物样品中的铜绿进行鉴别发现样品中的铜绿多为羟氯铜矿和氯铜矿, 属于四种同分异构体中较不稳定的状态。 根据奥斯特瓦尔德规则(Ostwald step rule)的相关理论, 建议在今后的保护工作中要加强对所属彩绘文物环境等的监控力度, 以防止引起彩绘文物发生物理、 化学结构的改变。

In the history of Chinese pigment, copper green, a pigment, was used in vast territory and for a long time. In the present paper, the nature, spectral characteristics, thermodynamic stability of the four isomers of the basic copper chlorides and also their application in the polychrome relics were discussed. The four isomers can be identified quickly by Raman spectral analysis which is a micro-damage or even a nondestructive technique. The order of their thermodynamic stability is as follows: clinoatacamite＞paratacamite＞atacamite＞botallackite. It was showed that in the relics samples copper green was mostly botallackite and atacamite which were less stable isomers. According to the Ostwald step rule, the environmental monitoring should be strengthened to prevent the change in their physical and chemical structures.