波罗的海琥珀是松科松属或雪松属、 南洋杉科贝壳杉属或金松科金松属古植物的液态树脂经过多种地质作用后形成的石化树脂, 其主要化学成分为具有“规则构型”的半日花烷型双萜化合物的聚合物, 同时含有大量琥珀酸（丁二酸）。 多种原因导致波罗的海琥珀的原材料价格发生波动, 其热优化品在市场上不断涌现。 热优化波罗的海琥珀与天然波罗的海琥珀在市场价格、 收藏价值等方面存在较大差异, 已引起琥珀爱好者和研究者的广泛注意。 选取具有代表性外观的天然波罗的海琥珀样品, 将其分切成尺寸相同的两套, 每套6块。 其中一套通过不同实验条件得到了热优化波罗的海琥珀样品（金包蜜、 金珀、 花珀、 血珀、 老蜜蜡和白蜡）。 通过红外光谱测试分析, 获得了热优化波罗的海琥珀的红外光谱特征。 将其与天然波罗的海琥珀进行区分, 结果显示, 氮气环境或有氧环境中热优化的波罗的海琥珀样品发生了聚合反应和酯化反应, 弱酸性水溶液中热优化的琥珀样品发生了聚合反应和水解反应。 可通过公式Ratio(I1)=A羧酸羰基CO伸缩振动1 710 cm-1/ACH不对称弯曲振动1 456 cm-1来判定波罗的海琥珀是否经过热优化, 此方法只适用于鉴别金包蜜、 金珀、 花珀、 老蜜蜡和血珀。 当I1值≥1时, 样品未经过热优化; 当I1值＜1时, 样品经过热优化。 白蜡不可通过计算I1值来判定是否经过热优化。 拉曼光谱测试结果显示, 热优化后的波罗的海琥珀成熟度有不同程度的增高, 成熟度由高至低的是老蜜蜡、 血珀、 花珀、 金珀、 白蜡和金包蜜。 研究结果可为鉴别热优化波罗的海琥珀、 提高琥珀原石利用率及琥珀博物馆预防性保护技术的发展提供科学依据。

Possibly Derived from ancient Pinaceae pinus or Cedrusplants, ancient Araucariaceae Agathis plants or ancient Sciadopityaceae Sciadopitys plants, Baltic ambers are the natural fossilized resins undergone a variety of geological reworkings. Incorporating succinic acid Baltic ambers are based on labdanoid diterpenes with regular configurations, which are including communic acid, communol and biformenes. The price of raw Baltic ambers fluctuates wildly for several reasons. Therefore thermal optimization products of Baltic ambers have emerged in the market for many years. The huge price difference and collection value difference between natural Baltic ambers and thermally optimized Baltic ambers have already caused alarm to Chinese consumers. The research object is a representative Baltic amber chunk with wax-like appearance, which was cut into two sets of the same size, 6 pieces of each set. Thermally optimized Baltic amber samples (Jin Bao-mi, Jin Po, Hua Po, Xue Po, Lao Mi-la, Bai La) of one set was obtained under multiple experimental conditions, in addition, two samples in this set were further sectioned and heat-treated in the second stage. Through the infrared spectrum analysis, the spectral characteristics of thermally optimized Baltic ambers were obtained which can be used as the differential basis on distinguishing natural Baltic ambers and thermally optimized Baltic ambers. The results showed that thermally optimized Baltic amber samples in nitrogen or oxygen environment underwent polymerization and esterification reactions, and thermally optimized Baltic amber samples in acidulous aqueous solution underwent polymerization and hydrolysis reactions. Using formula Ratio(I1)=ACarboxylic acid carbonyl CO stretching vibration 1 710 cm-1/AC—H unsymmetric bending vibration 1 456 cm-1to determine whether the Baltic amber has been thermally optimized is very persuasive. This method is applicable to the identification of Jin Bao-mi, Jin Po, Hua Po, Xue Po and Lao Mi-la. When I1≥1, the Baltic amber samples are not thermally optimized. When I1＜1, the Baltic amber samples are thermally optimized. As an added note, this criterion should not be used to Bai La. Raman spectrum results also show that the maturities of thermally optimized Baltic ambers are increased in different degrees. The maturities from high to low are Lao Mi-la, Xue Po, Hua Po, Jin Po, Bai La, Jin Bao-mi. This research aims to provide a scientific basis for identifying thermally optimized Baltic ambers, improving the utilization rate of Baltic amber raw chunks and developing the preventive protection technology for the Baltic amber museums.