Research progress in large-area perovskite solar cells Download: 913次
1 Key Laboratory of Semiconductor Materials Science, Institute of Semiconductors, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100083, China
2 College of Materials Science and Opto-electronic Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
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Fig. 1. (a) One-step deposited perovskite films. (b) Two-step deposited perovskite films. (c) J-V curve of the best large cell endowed with anti-reflection film. (d) J-V curve of the PSCs in large size of 1 cm2 measured under reverse and forward scan under one-sun condition. (a), (b) Reproduced with permission [26], Copyright 2018, Royal Society of Chemistry. (c) Reproduced with permission [17], Copyright 2015, American Association for the Advancement Science. (d) Reproduced with permission [19], Copyright 2017, Nature Publishing Group.
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Fig. 2. (a) Schematic illustration for the blade coating of perovskite film in the Landau–Levich mode. (b) The perovskite film’s thickness as a function of blade-coating speed by coating a 1 mol/L MAPbI3/DMF solution on a 145°C preheated substrate. (c) Schematic illustration for N2-knife-assisted blade coating of perovskite films. (d) Schematic illustration showing the drying of ink into a perovskite/intermediate film and full crystallization of a perovskite film. VNCS, volatile noncoordinating solvent; NVCS, nonvolatile coordinating solvent. (a) Reproduced with permission [21], Copyright 2018, Nature Publishing Group. (b)–(d) Reproduced with permission [29], Copyright 2019, American Association for the Advancement Science.
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Fig. 3. (a) Schematic illustration of the key steps involved in slot-die coating of perovskite thin films. (b) and (c) Schematic drawing of a module and J-V curve of an organometal halide perovskite solar cell, respectively. (d) The slot-die coating process for preparing CH3NH3PbI3 films. (e) and (f) 15.24 cm × 15.24 cm perovskite module and I-V curve, respectively. (a) Reproduced with permission [30], Copyright 2018, Royal Society of Chemistry. (b) and (c) Reproduced with permission [31], Copyright 2014, Wiley. (d) Reproduced with permission [33], Copyright 2018, Elsevier. (e) and (f) Reproduced with permission [34], Copyright 2018, Elsevier.
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Fig. 4. (a) Schematic of concurrently pumped ultrasonic spray coating for perovskite precursor deposition. (b) A spray-coated four-cell module (3.8 cm2) from the 75% (molar fraction) PbAc2 with PbCl2. (c) and (d) Schematic representation of the megasonic spray-coating process and J-V curves of perovskite solar cells, respectively. (a) and (b) Reproduced with permission [35], Copyright 2016, Royal Society of Chemistry. (c) and (d) Reproduced with permission [38], Copyright 2018, Wiley.
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Fig. 5. Schematic diagrams for the two main inkjet-printing methods: (a) continuous inkjet printing (CIJ); (b) drop-on-demand (DOD) inkjet printing. (c) 10 cm×10 cm device and (d) 10 cm×5 cm device. (e) Schematic illustration of PSC fabrication through inkjet printing with vacuum annealing. (f) J–V curves of PSCs on inkjet printing with active area 2.02 cm2. (a) and (b) Reproduced with permission [40], Copyright 2019, Wiley. (c) and (d) Reproduced with permission [41], Copyright 2016, Royal Society of Chemistry. (e) Reproduced with permission [42], Copyright 2018, Wiley. (f) Reproduced with permission [43], Copyright 2018, Elsevier.
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Fig. 6. (a)–(c) Roll-to-roll processing setup for continuous preparation of perovskite solar cells. (a) Reproduced with permission [34], Copyright 2018, Elsevier. (b) Reproduced with permission [44], Copyright 2019, Wiley. (c) Reproduced with permission [45], Copyright 2019, Wiley.
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Fig. 7. (a) Schematic illustration of vacuum-flash-assisted solution processing (VASP). (b) Surface scanning electron microscope (SEM) images of the perovskite films fabricated by the conventional process and vacuum-assisted solution process. (c) Diagram of the pressure-processing method for the deposition of perovskite films. (d) Surface SEM images of the perovskite films fabricated by the pressure-processing method and spin coating. (a) and (b) Reproduced with permission [20], Copyright 2015, Royal Society of Chemistry. (c) and (d) Reproduced with permission [46], Copyright 2016, American Association for the Advancement of Science.
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Fig. 8. Evolution of the best reported lab-cell (≤0.1 cm2) efficiencies and large-area (≥1.0 cm2) device efficiencies. Reproduced with permission [47], Copyright 2018, American Association for the Advancement of Science.
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Fig. 9. SEM images of (a) surfaces and (b) cross-sections of perovskite films prepared with different solvents, respectively. Reproduced with permission [29], Copyright 2018, American Association for the Advancement of Science.
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Fig. 10. (a) Morphological characterization of perovskite MAPbI3 films with different amounts of Cl− incorporation by optical microscopy (top row), SEM (middle row), and atomic force microscope (AFM) (bottom row). (b) Top-view SEM images of perovskite films prepared with different excess amounts of MACl using blade-coating (top row) and spin-coating (bottom row) methods. (c) Photograph of the 1.1 μm thick MAPbI3 (Cl) film on a 5 cm×5 cm substrate, 12.0 cm2 six-cell perovskite solar module, and J–V curve of the 5 cm×5 cm perovskite module with an active area of 12.0 cm2. (d) Schematic illustration of perovskite film nucleation/crystallization from solvent bathing. (a) Reproduced with permission [51], Copyright 2016, Wiley. (b) Reproduced with permission [52], Copyright 2017, Nature Publishing Group. (c) Reproduced with permission [53], Copyright 2018, Nature Publishing Group. (d) Reproduced with permission [54], Copyright 2015, Wiley.
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Fig. 11. (a)–(d) Top-view SEM images of perovskite films made with different amounts PbCl2 in the mixed lead source. (e) The crystal grain size and pinhole area in the perovskite films as a function of PbCl2 fraction. (f) XRD patterns and UV-Vis spectra, and (g)–(i) SEM images of FAMA/CsFAMA/KCsFAMA perovskite films, respectively. (j) Optical image of a 10 cm×10 cm HCVD Cs0.1FA0.9PbI2.9Br0.1-based solar module. (k) J-V curve of the champion solar module (14 subcells in series). (a)–(e) Reproduced with permission [55], Copyright 2016, Royal Society of Chemistry. (f)–(i) Reproduced with permission [56], Copyright 2017, Royal Society of Chemistry. (j) and (k) Reproduced with permission [57], Copyright 2019, Royal Society of Chemistry.
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Fig. 12. (a) Scheme of the cell configuration highlighting the doped charge carrier extraction layers. (b) J–V curve of the best large cell endowed with antireflection film. (c) Comparison of the Bifluo-OMeTAD molecule (upper) and Spiro-OMeTAD (Merck) molecule. (d) J-V curve of PSCs with HTLs Bifluo-OMeTAD and Spiro-OMeTAD. (e) The structure of using P3HT as the HTL and structure of the interface between the P3HT and WBH. (f) I-V curves of solar modules formed by depositing the P3HT layer using bar-coating (purple) and spin-coating (orange) methods. (g) The DFT simulation of GO and Cl-GO. (h) PL spectra and TRPL spectra for different films. (a) and (b) Reproduced with permission [19], Copyright 2017, Wiley. (c) and (d) Reproduced with permission [74], Copyright 2017, Nature Publishing Group. (e) and (f) Reproduced with permission [75], Copyright 2019, Nature Publishing Group. (g) and (h) Reproduced with permission [76], Copyright 2019, American Association for the Advancement of Science.
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Table1. Photovoltaic Performance of Perovskite Solar Cells Prepared by Different Methods
Deposition Method | Device Structure | Device Area () | PCE (%) | Jsc () | Voc (V) | FF (%) | Reference | Spin coating | | 1.02 | 16.2 | 20.21 | 1.072 | 74.8 | [17] | Spin coating | | 1 | 20.12 | 23.45 | 1.12 | 76.85 | [19] | Blade coating | | — | 10.44 | 16.73 | 0.96 | 65.0 | [28] | Blade coating | | 33.0 | 15.0 | 19.5 | 1.07 | 72.1 | [21] | 57.2 | 15.0 | 20.3 | 1.07 | 68.9 | Blade coating | | 63.7 | 16.9 | 74.5 (mA) | 18.9 | 76.2 | [21] | Slot-die coating | | 30 | 14.47 | 3.3 | 6.54 | 67.0 | [16] | Slot-die coating | | 1 | 18.0 | 21.5 | 1.10 | 76.0 | [30] | Slot-die coating | | 0.1 | 11.6 | 19.35 | 0.96 | 63.0 | [31] | 47.3 | 4.57 | — | — | — | Slot-die coating | | 0.1 | 11.96 | 20.38 | 0.98 | 60.0 | [32] | Slot-die coating | | 0.1 | 15.75 | 19.79 | 1.02 | 77.15 | [33] | Slot-die coating | | 168.75 | 11.1 | 0.69 | 21.2 | 68.0 | [34] | 149.5 | 11.8 | 0.76 | 20.8 | 71.0 | Spray coating | | 0.025 | 11.1 | 16.8 | 0.92 | 72.0 | [36] | Spray coating | | 40 | 15.5 | 84.1 (mA) | 10.5 | 70.16 | [37] | Spray coating | | 3.8 | 11.7 | 19.4 | 3.31 | 70.0 | [35] | Spray coating | | 1 | 14.2 | 21.3 | 1.03 | 65.0 | [38] | Inkjet printing | (drop casted perovskite through carbon layer) | 31 | 10.46 | 19.6 | 3.72 | 57.5 | [41] | 70 | 10.75 | 17.72 | 9.63 | 62.9 | Inkjet printing | | 4 | 13.24 | 20.4 | 1.04 | 62.57 | [42] | Inkjet printing | | 2.02 | 17.74 | 21.88 | 1.06 | 76.5 | [43] | Roll-to-roll | | 6.25 | 11.16 | 17.39 | 0.99 | 64.82 | [34] | Vacuum-flash-assisted solution process | | 1 | 20.38 | 23.19 | 1.143 | 76.0 | [46] | Pressure-processing method | | 36.1 | 15.7 | 71.1 | 10.5 | 75.7 | [22] |
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Table2. Photovoltaic Performance of Perovskite Solar Cells Prepared by Using Different Materials as Additives for Perovskite Layers
Materials | Perovskite Components | Device Area () | PCE (%) | Jsc () | Voc (V) | FF (%) | Reference | DMSO | | 1 | 20.12 | 23.45 | 1.12 | 76.85 | [19] | Nonvolatile coordinating solvents (2-methoxyethanol and acetonitrile) | | 63.7 | 16.9 | 18.9 | 74.5 | 76.2 | [29] | MACl, | | 1 | 15.4 | 21.0 | 1.06 | 69.1 | [51] | 25 | 12.0 | 2.6 | 0.798 | 58.2 | MACl | | 1.2 | 17.33 | 21.38 | 1.11 | 72.9 | [52] | MACl | | 25 | 15.3 | 3.66 | 6.65 | 63.0 | [53] | MAI | | 1.2 | 15.3 | 21.3 | 1.09 | 66.1 | [54] | | | 4 | 13.6 | 19.9 | 0.91 | 75.0 | [55] | KI | | 20 | 15.76 | 3.57 | 6.79 | 65.0 | [56] | CsBr | | 91.8 | 9.34 | 1.16 | 13.55 | 59.6 | [57] | L--phosphatidylcholine | | 33 | 15.0 | 19.5 | 1.07 | 72.1 | [21] | 57.2 | 15.0 | 20.3 | 1.07 | 68.9 | 1,8-diiodooctane (DIO) | | — | 10.3 | 15.6 | 0.92 | 71.0 | [58] | 1,8-diiodooctane (DIO) | | 12 | 11.2 | 6.48 | 2.71 | 63.8 | [59] | | | 1 | 19.7 | 24.7 | 1.10 | 72.3 | [6] | | | 1 | 20.12 | 23.45 | 1.12 | 76.85 | [19] |
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Yang Zhao, Fei Ma, Feng Gao, Zhigang Yin, Xingwang Zhang, Jingbi You. Research progress in large-area perovskite solar cells[J]. Photonics Research, 2020, 8(7): 070000A1.