陕西临潼新丰墓地出土战国秦汉时期玻璃器分析研究

陕西临潼新丰墓地的年代分两个阶段, 第一阶段是战国中期偏晚至秦代, 第二个阶段是西汉中期至东汉时期。该墓地有700余墓葬, 其中12座墓葬出土玻璃制品100余件, 包括蜻蜓眼珠, 玻璃珠、耳珰。选取5件样品, 涵盖上述三种器形。采用光学显微镜和扫描电子显微镜观察玻璃的结构特征, 能谱仪分析其成分。采用激光拉曼光谱分析玻璃相中的晶体。结果显示5件玻璃样品中有4件铅钡玻璃, 蓝色玻璃主要为铜离子着色, 红色玻璃为Fe2O3晶体着色, 白色乳浊玻璃为析晶造成的乳浊效果。 1件为钾钙钠釉层的费昂斯制品, 着色元素为铜和铁。同时讨论了铅钡玻璃和钾钙釉费昂斯的技术问题。

Abstract

The cemetery of Xinfeng is located in Xi’an City, Shanxi Province, which can be dated back to the late Warring States period through the Qin dynasty (4th—3rd centuries B. C. E) to the midterm of the Western-Han to Eastern-Han dynasty (2nd century B. C. E to first quarter of 3rd century C. E. ). More than 100 glass artifacts were unearthed from 12 tombs among 700 ones in Xinfeng cemetery including eye-beads, rings and ear pendants. Five samples covering all glass types in Xinfeng cemetery were studied with polarizing optical microscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) equipped with energy dispersive X-ray analysis (EDX) and micro-Raman spectrometer. The chemical composition showed that one faience bead is with potassium-calcium-soda glaze layers and the other four lead-barium glass. Copper is the coloring agent for the blue glass, and copper allied with iron for the green ones. The red glass was colored by Fe2O3 particles and the opacity of the white glass was due to the crystals in the matrix. The two colors of the eye-bead were due to copper and iron respectively. Some technologies of lead-barium-soda glass and potash-calcium glaze eye-bead are also discussed in the text.

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韩枫, 王颖竹, 马泓蛟, 马清林. 陕西临潼新丰墓地出土战国秦汉时期玻璃器分析研究[J]. 光谱学与光谱分析, 2017, 37(5): 1546. HAN Feng, WANG Ying-zhu, MA Hong-jiao, MA Qing-lin. Chemical Analysis of Glass Excavated from Xinfeng Cemetery from Late Warring-States to Han Dynasty, Xi’an, Shaanxi Province[J]. Spectroscopy and Spectral Analysis, 2017, 37(5): 1546.

陕西临潼新丰墓地出土战国秦汉时期玻璃器分析研究

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