气溶胶光学厚度不仅是计算气溶胶含量、评价大气环境污染程度、研究大气辐射传输等领域中的一个关键 因子,而且在大气辐射传输方程的求解过程中,是透射函数、反射函数等重要参数的基本 参数。通过分析气溶胶光学厚度的影响因子,搜集整理典型天气气溶胶粒子复折射率资料和粒子谱 分布观测数据,建立典型天气气溶胶粒子复折射率数据库,基于气溶胶粒子谱分布实验数据完善了大 连地区典型天气气溶胶粒子谱分布模型,再结合大气能见度等大气参数,利用米散射理论计算了气溶胶 消光光学厚度。

基于径向半径偶次幂级数的相对畸变表达式在相机校准中被广泛地采用。对于一个具体镜头,它的物理精确性却没有可靠的理论做依据。基于自变量(径向半径和视场角)不同项数和幂次的组合多项式作为相对畸变的拟合函数,以Zemax软件平台上的一组已知镜头的栅格畸变结果为已知数据,借助于Matlab的最优化工具箱进行数据拟合。结果表明,包含径向半径2、3次幂的表达式在精度上更有益; 基于视场角幂次的展开式可以提供更为精确的畸变描述; 多项和高阶的拟合函数反而不利于提供一个精准的畸变表达。

It is difficult to realize real-time measurement of exterior attitude by the traditional systems based on the area image sensor which have conflict between speed and accuracy. The subsystem for three-dimensional (3D) coordinate reconstruction of point target (S3DCRPT) which is composed of three one-dimensional (1D) cameras based on linear charge-coupled device (CCD) can determine the distant light spots’ spatial position. The attitude angle of the measured object is determined by the spatial solution while the coordinate reconstruction is separately carried on by the S3DCRPT with some point cooperation targets (PCTs) on the measured object. A new optical system is designed to solve the interference problem with one-to-one relationship between the PCTs and the S3DCRPT optical subsystems, which improves the measurement accuracy and saves space. The mathematical model of the attitude measurement is established, and partial and global calibrations are realized for the multi-camera attitude measurement system. The test results show the feasibility of the exterior attitude measurement based on linear CCD.

设计了9路线阵CCD相机组合的空间目标外姿态测量系统,该系统解决了面阵图像传感器用于姿态测量时存在的速度和精度的矛盾,能够实时重构放置于被测物体上的点合作目标在世界坐标系下的三维坐标,并经空间解算,确定被测物体的姿态角.该系统着眼于合作目标和相机光学系统的相对位置,解决了多相机与多点合作目标一一对应时的目标干扰问题;设计了新的光学系统构架,提高了精度,节省了空间;实现了多相机测量系统的局部标定和全局标定.图像采样率为1 316帧/s时,姿态测量精度为1′.测试结果表明,该姿态测量系统可以实现对被测对象高精度的实时测量,且具有合作目标简单,价格低廉等优点.