By employing a simple model of describing three-level lasers, we have theoretically investigated the effect of photon lifetime on the output dynamics of Er-doped distributed feedback fibre lasers. And based on the theoretical analysis we have proposed a promising method to suppress self-pulsing behaviour in the fibre lasers.

提出并实验证实了一种刻写光栅时既能保护相位版又能对光栅的反射波长进行微调的方法.通过调整光纤和相位版之间的距离,利用1 550 nm单模光纤和掺铒分别实现了0.48 nm和2.2 nm的光栅反射波长的调节.在相位版和光纤之间的距离保持在3 mm的条件下,既可以保护相位版又可以获得高质量的光栅.

The technique of Brillouin scattering distributed optical fiber sensing has been presented. Optical heterodyne detection was used to detect the weak Brillouin back scattering signal based on single longitudinal mode distributed feedback (DFB) laser and electric optical modulation technique. The scattering signal was amplified effectively by improving the filter and erbium doped fiber amplifier (EDFA). The 11 GHz radio-frequency (RF) signal of Brillouin back scattering is gathered and averaged. The experimental procedures and results are presented. The results show that the peak power of Brillouin back scattering at 11 GHz can reach 50 mV, and the intensity noise of light source induced the system's signal to noise ratio (SNR) decreased greatly, which reduced the difficulty of signal process in demodulation system. The experimental results confirm that the configuration is feasible.

Based on the rate equation, the amplification performance of small-mode-area (SMA) and large-mode-area (LMA) ytterbium-doped double-clad fiber amplifiers was studied using the finite-difference method. The Yb-doped double-clad fibers with the mode diameter 6.5 μm and 20 μm were used as the gain media for the amplification of narrow-band signals. Under the pump laser at the center wavelength of 915 nm, the relationships between output power and input signal power, pump power as well as fiber length, were discussed for SMA and LMA. Especially for LMA fiber amplifiers, it is important to choose the optimal fiber length. For the fiber amplifier with different mode diameters, the optimal pump power and fiber length were also analyzed. It is obtained that the critical pump power is about 4 W with the fiber length of 4 m, which is in accord with the experimental results. The results provide a theoretical guide to optimize fiber type and fiber length considering available signal and pump power, desired gain and mode requirement of fiber amplifiers.

By solving a set of time-dependent equations, the characteristics of the ytterbium-doped double-clad fiber amplifier are presented. Besides the steady state in the fiber of the upper-state population, pump power and amplified spontaneous emission without the input signal, the dynamic characteristics of the high power Gaussian pulse amplification like the evolution of pulse waveform distortion, upper-state population distribution and stored energy and pulse energy of the amplifier under the forward and backward pump, are simulated. The relations between the output pulse energy of the amplifier and the different input pulse peak power or pump power are also discussed. The models and results can provide important guide for the design and optimization of the high power pulse amplification.

A diode-pumped Yb-doped double-clad fiber amplifier (YDDCFA) with the narrow bandwidth continuous wave (CW) and pulse input signal is investigated. The input single-mode (SM) signal bandwidth is 10^(-4) nm from a distributed feedback (DFB) fiber laser. The saturated gain of the CW amplification is 11 dB at the forward pump. And besides CW signals, we also amplify pulses with duration of 150 ns and the 1-Hz repetition. The pulse is amplified to 2 W of peak power, 0.31 microjoule of energy, 23 dB of gain and less than 6% of stability at the forward pump power of 1.4 W. For higher power, reflections and backscattering can generate the self pulsation in the amplifier. The results are important for the development of the narrow-band double-clad fiber amplifier.

Yb-doped phase-shifted fiber Bragg grating (PS-FBG) has been fabricated with phase shift introduced by shielded method. In the fabrication process, the PS-FBG is used as the laser cavity. Whether the introduced phase-shift is π/2 or not is determined by the laser output power. As long as the output power of the laser begins to drop down, the exposure is stopped, and the phase shift is π/2 then. It is necessary to anneal the PS-FBG to stabilize its characteristics, which will reduce the introduced phase-shift. The second exposure of the PS-FBG is needed to restore the π/2 phase shift. A fiber grating laser has been made with the method. When the pump power is 100 mW, the laser output is 25 mW with signal-noise-ratio (SNR) of 60 dB. Within 1 h the output fluctuation of the laser is less than 1%. The laser is always under single-mode operation when the temperature of the fiber grating is tuned between 25 ℃ and 30 ℃.

采用遮挡法引入相移制作了掺Yb相移光纤光栅(PS-FBG)。在制作光栅的过程中,将其作为激光器的谐振腔,通过监测激光器的输出功率来确定相移大小。当激光器的输出功率开始下降时,停止曝光,此时引入的相移为π/2。为了使光栅的特性尽快稳定下来需要对光栅进行退火,这将导致引入的相移小于π/2。为了弥补退火过程中引起的相移降低,需要对退火后的光栅进行二次曝光,以使光栅的相移恢复π/2。利用该方法制作了一只光纤光栅激光器。当抽运功率为100 mW时,获得了25 mW的输出功率,信噪比(SNR)为60 dB。在1 h内,输出功率波动小于1%。当光栅的温度在25～30 ℃之间变化时,激光器单纵模运转。

By solving a set of time-dependent equations, the characteristics of the ytterbium-doped double-clad fiber amplifier are presented. Besides the steady state in the fiber of the upper-state population, pump power and amplified spontaneous emission without the input signal, the dynamic characteristics of the high power Gaussian pulse amplification like the evolution of pulse waveform distortion, upper-state population distribution and stored energy and pulse energy of the amplifier under the forward and backward pump, are simulated. The relations between the output pulse energy of the amplifier and the different input pulse peak power or pump power are also discussed. The models and results can provide important guide for the design and optimization of the high power pulse amplification.

从掺镱(Yb)光纤放大器的功率传输方程出发,利用有限差分法对小模场面积(SMA)和大模场面积(LMA)掺镱双包层光纤放大器的放大特性进行了分析比较。采用模场直径(MFD)6.5 μm和20 μm的双包层掺镱光纤作为放大器增益介质进行窄线宽连续信号的放大,在915 nm激光抽运下模拟计算了大、小模场面积输出功率随输入信号功率、抽运光功率和光纤长度的变化特性,特别是对于大模场面积光纤放大器,最优光纤长度的选择至关重要;讨论了模场直径不同时的最优抽运功率和光纤长度的选择,得出4 m光纤放大时的临界抽运功率为4 W,理论与实验结果基本一致。为实际应用中根据信号光、抽运光、增益和模式等要求而选择光纤长度和类型等优化设计提供了理论依据。