利用经纬仪进行速度实时求解，一直是测控领域难题，为了提高经纬仪求解速度的实时性及高精度，激光测距光电经纬仪，在反复实验中，提出了一种最佳一致逼近多项式速度求解方法，即保证了速度实时性又保证了速度的精度。首先，利用单站经纬仪加激光测距获得目标空间位置，对激光测距信息采用改进的最小二乘法进行拟合滤波；然后根据求解速度模型，计算速度初值；在采用多项式逼近速度真值时，采用常规的表达形式会产生很大的计算误差，为了减少计算误差，多项式采用三次切比雪夫多项式组合的方式获得最佳一致逼近多项式计算速度函数；最佳一致逼近多项式速度函数使用三次有限差分方法识别速度野值，获得实时、高精度的目标速度值。激光测距经纬仪测速的指标包括实时性（延时<100 ms）和精度（误差<1 m/s）两个指标，把加载在无人机上的较高精度GPS的测速值作为比对值，采用多种算法计算目标速度，实验结果表明：高斯函数方法速度实时性好，但测量速度精度>1.5 m/s；卡尔曼方法求速度精度很好，但是因为用了大量的历史数据，速度值滞后；本文最佳一致逼近多项式法计算得到的速度，实时性好，延时50 ms；速度精度均方差为0.8 m/s，满足设备的指标要求。

We demonstrate spectral-furcated vector solitons in normal-dispersion fiber lasers comprising a section of polarization-maintaining fiber. The spectrum of each orthogonal-polarized component is confined by the birefringence-related phase-matching principle, and the bicorn spectral structure corresponds to the zero-order sidebands of two vector modes. Due to the Hopf bifurcation effect, the vector soliton evolves into a breathing state at the higher pump level, accompanied by an extra set of sub-sidebands that continuously exchange energy with the zero-order sidebands. Simulation results fully reproduce experimental observations of the spectral furcation and soliton breathing, offering comprehensive insights into the pulse-shaping mechanism of the birefringence-managed soliton.

As a universal phenomenon in nonlinear optical systems, intermittency is usually accompanied by the coherence loss such as soliton explosions in fiber lasers. Based on real-time spectroscopy, we revealed the coherent dissipative soliton intermittency in normal-dispersion fiber lasers. By increasing the pump strength, the intermittency transforms from the transient pulsation to the bi-stable soliton. It is demonstrated that the slow-gain effect dominates such coherent intermittency. Our results provide novel insights into laser physics, offering a promising approach for studying the bi-stable dissipative soliton.