研究了样品散射性质对频域光学相干层析成像干涉谱信号和深度分辨率的影响。理论分析和模拟结果表明：样品散射使干涉谱信号的强度分布发生改变且向长波方向偏移，进而降低了成像的深度分辨率；样品的散射系数越大、深度越深，偏移越严重，深度分辨率降低越多；使用相应的校正函数可以提高深度分辨率。

提出一种深度分辨的色散补偿方法，用于增强频域光学相干层析成像的纵向分辨率。将频域光学相干层析成像采集的干涉谱信号傅里叶变换到空域，获取对应不同深度的干涉谱条纹相位，通过对其进行调整实现对被测样品不同深度处的色散的精确补偿。避免传统方法中采用统一色散系数进行色散补偿所带来的过补偿与欠补偿误差，可以有效消除色散引起的频域光学相干层析成像系统点扩展函数的展宽和扭曲。模拟和实验结果表明，基于深度分辨的色散补偿方法在样品的全深度探测范围内可以达到较佳的补偿效果，可有效提高光学相干层析成像系统的纵向分辨率。

To resolve the conflict of large measurement range and high accuracy in the existing real-time laser diode (LD) interferometers for displacement measurement, a novel real-time LD interferometry for displacement measurement is proposed and its measurement principle is analyzed. By use of a new phase demodulation algorithm and a new phase compensation algorithm of real-time phase unwrapping, the measurement accuracy is improved, and the measurement range is enlarged to a few wavelengths. In experiments, the peak-to-peak amplitude of the speaker vibration was 2361.7 nm, and the repeatability was 2.56 nm. The measurement time was less than 26 microseconds.