针对高能激光器出光过程中出现的大量离焦和0°像散低阶像差现象，提出了基于哈特曼波前传感器和二维整形光路的XY离焦像差校正方法。首先，通过对Zernike多项式的离焦项和0°像散项进行线性组合得到XY离焦像差的表达式，该XY离焦像差系数的大小可直接表征X离焦和Y离焦的波前PV值。同时，通过微调高能激光器中二维整形光路中的镜子间距，可实现激光器输出光束XY离焦波面的补偿。因此，首先利用哈特曼波前传感器提取出光束的XY离焦像差系数大小，而后再根据XY离焦像差系数的大小实时闭环微调二维整形光路中的镜子间距，从而实现XY离焦像差的校正，改善输出光束的光束质量。实验结果表明，该方法可有效地将高能激光器输出光束XY离焦量的PV值由5.2 μm和1.1 μm校正到0.5 μm以下，相应的光束质量β因子由3.1降到1.8，光束质量得到明显改善。

液晶波前校正器通常基于液晶显示器的工艺制备而成，因此其研制成本高、定制难度大。本文基于掩模光刻法制备液晶波前校正器，以实现液晶波前校正器的专用化、低成本研制。基于掩模光刻技术设计并制备了91像素的无源液晶驱动电极，并封装成液晶光学校正单元。设计并制备了驱动连接电路板，实现了液晶光学驱动单元和驱动电路板的匹配对接。对液晶波前校正器响应特性进行检测。结果显示，其相位调制量为5.5个波长，响应时间为224 ms。利用Zygo干涉仪进行球面波的产生和静态倾斜像差的校正。结果显示，其可以产生正负离焦波前，且对水平倾斜像差校正后，Zernike多项式中第一项的值从1.18降至0.16，校正幅度达86%，实现了像差的有效校正。本文的研究工作可为液晶波前校正器的研制提供新思路，进而拓宽其应用领域和场景。

Structured light, where complex optical fields are tailored in all their degrees of freedom, has become highly topical of late, advanced by a sophisticated toolkit comprising both linear and nonlinear optics. Removing undesired structure from light is far less developed, leveraging mostly on inverting the distortion, e.g., with adaptive optics or the inverse transmission matrix of a complex channel, both requiring that the distortion be fully characterized through appropriate measurement. We show that distortions in spatially structured light can be corrected through difference-frequency generation in a nonlinear crystal without any need for the distortion to be known. We demonstrate the versatility of our approach using a wide range of aberrations and structured light modes, including higher-order orbital angular momentum (OAM) beams, showing excellent recovery of the original undistorted field. To highlight the efficacy of this process, we deploy the system in a prepare-and-measure communications link with OAM, showing minimal cross talk even when the transmission channel is highly aberrated, and outline how the approach could be extended to alternative experimental modalities and nonlinear processes. Our demonstration of light-correcting light without the need for measurement opens an approach to measurement-free error correction for classical and quantum structured light, with direct applications in imaging, sensing, and communication.

光学三维测量中的三通道相位测量轮廓术具有高精度、易识别、自动化程度高等优点，在科学研究和工程应用中获得了广泛的关注。在三通道相位测量轮廓术中，投影仪不同通道间的色差成为影响测量精度的关键因素。针对该问题，文中开展了基于相位标靶的相位测量轮廓术投影色差建模与校正研究。提出了将带有全息投影膜的液晶显示屏（Liquid Crystal Display, LCD）当作相位标靶对投影色差建模与校正的方法。通过LCD显示条纹与投影仪投射条纹的相位，计算投影仪色差并建立其数学模型。然后通过预补偿的方法实现投影仪三通道投射色差的校正，进行实验验证校正前后对相位测量轮廓术精度的影响。实验结果表明，文中所提方法的校正效果为蓝绿通道的平均色差由0.3255 pixel校正为0.1063 pixel，红绿通道的平均色差由0.3651 pixel校正为0.1114 pixel。该方法可为三通道相位测量轮廓术提升投影质量。实测台阶的平均误差从0.489 mm减少到0.038 mm。实验结果验证了投影仪色差建模与校正方法的有效性，提升了三通道相位测量轮廓术的整体测量精度。与已有方法相比，可以有效避免相机误差带来的影响，大大缩短计算时间，能够适用于不同型号的投影仪色差测量与校正。

光谱成像系统受色差影响会导致图谱混叠，本文将单像素成像以及计算关联成像分别与光谱成像系统相结合，并在系统中引入900~1 700 nm适用的消色差透镜来校正色差。首先计算出不同胶合消色差透镜的色差大小并以此选取透镜，所选消色差透镜相较其它透镜对色差校正可以提高一个量级。其次分析了色差对光谱成像系统的影响以及单像素成像和计算关联成像的差异。最后仿真和试验分析单像素光谱成像和计算关联光谱成像特点。试验结果表明对于900~1 700 nm的近红外光谱成像，基于消色差透镜的单像素光谱成像系统取得了更好的图像重构结果，其峰值信噪比（Peak Signal to Noise Ratio，PSNR）提高了3.93 dB，结构相似度（Structural Similarity, SSIM）提高了0.96%。消色差透镜的单像素光谱成像系统在近红外光谱成像中重构图像效果优于无消色差透镜的计算关联光谱成像。

针对大口径太阳望远镜系统运行过程中由于静态位置失配误差、风载弯沉等准静态位置失配误差以及热变形等非失配误差引起的波前像差导致成像质量下降的问题，在对太阳望远镜系统波前像差时空分频的基础上，提出采用次镜刚体位移对太阳望远镜低时空频率波前像差校正的方法，建立起次镜刚体位移与像差校正量的关系，并通过数值仿真及实验验证了采用次镜刚体位移对上述来源像差的校正能力。数值仿真和实验结果表明：次镜刚体位移能够对望远镜系统运行过程中的低时空频率波前像差进行有效校正，其中，对位置失配误差校正后像差RMS值低于原值的9%，对非失配误差校正后像差RMS值低于原值的40%，对多源混合误差校正后像差RMS值低于原值的15%。

In the femtosecond two-photon polymerization (2PP) experimental system, optical aberrations degrade the fabrication quality. To solve this issue, a multichannel interferometric wavefront sensing technique is adopted in the adaptive laser processing system with a single phase-only spatial light modulator. 2PP fabrications using corrected high-order Bessel beams with the above solution have been conducted, and high-quality microstructure arrays of microtubes with 20 µm diameter have been rapidly manufactured. The effectiveness of the proposed scheme is demonstrated by comparing the beam intensity distributions and 2PP results before and after aberration corrections.

In the integral imaging light field display, the introduction of a diffractive optical element (DOE) can solve the problem of limited depth of field of the traditional lens. However, the strong aberration of the DOE significantly reduces the final display quality. Thus, herein, an end-to-end joint optimization method for optimizing DOE and aberration correction is proposed. The DOE model is established using thickness as the variable, and a deep learning network is built to preprocess the composite image loaded on the display panel. The simulation results show that the peak signal to noise ratio value of the optimized image increases by 8 dB, which confirms that the end-to-end joint optimization method can effectively reduce the aberration problem.