随着软玻璃光纤的发展和光纤激光器的进步，越来越多的研究人员采用以软玻璃光纤代替石英光纤的方式，得到高功率中红外超连续谱光源。通过广泛阅读国内外关于氟化物玻璃光纤、硫系玻璃光纤和碲酸盐玻璃光纤等软玻璃光纤产生超连续谱的相关文献，本文综述了近年来利用这三类光纤产生中红外超连续谱光源的研究进展。目前氟化物玻璃光纤在实验中的应用最为广泛，且研发进度较快，获得的中红外超连续谱覆盖范围在2~5 μm，最大输出功率可达30 W；硫系玻璃光纤产生的中红外超连续谱光源带宽可达10 μm以上，但输出功率较低；碲酸盐玻璃光纤由于材料中羟基难以去除，在中红外超连续谱的实验中进展较为缓慢；而氟碲酸盐光纤在近几年发展迅速，可能成为未来中红外超连续谱研究的理想介质。

Chiral sum-frequency generation (SFG) has proven to be a versatile spectroscopic and imaging tool for probing chirality. However, due to polarization restriction, the conventional chiral SFG microscopes have mostly adopted noncollinear beam configurations, which only partially cover the aperture of microscope and strongly spoil the spatial resolution. In this study, we report the first experimental demonstration of collinear chiral SFG microscopy, which fundamentally supports diffraction-limited resolution. This advancement is attributed to the collinear focus of a radially polarized vectorial beam and a linearly polarized (LP) beam. The tightly focused vectorial beam has a very strong longitudinal component, which interacts with the LP beam and produces the chiral SFG. The collinear configuration can utilize the full aperture and thus push the spatial resolution close to the diffraction limit. This technique can potentially boost the understanding of chiral systems.

Two-dimensional (2D) nonlinear optical mediums with high and tunable light modulation capability can significantly stimulate the development of ultrathin, compact, and integrated optoelectronics devices and photonic elements. 2D carbides and nitrides of transition metals (MXenes) are a new class of 2D materials with excellent intrinsic and strong light-matter interaction characteristics. However, the current understanding of their photo-physical properties and strategies for improving optical performance is insufficient. To address this issue, we rationally designed and in situ synthesized a 2D Nb₂C/MoS₂ heterostructure that outperforms pristine Nb₂C in both linear and nonlinear optical performance. Excellent agreement between experimental and theoretical results demonstrated that the Nb₂C/MoS₂ inherited the preponderance of Nb₂C and MoS₂ in absorption at different wavelengths, resulting in the broadband enhanced optical absorption characteristics. In addition to linear optical modulation, we also achieved stronger near infrared nonlinear optical modulation, with a nonlinear absorption coefficient of Nb₂C/MoS₂ being more than two times that of the pristine Nb₂C. These results were supported by the band alinement model which was determined by the X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) experiment and first-principal theory calculation. The presented facile synthesis approach and robust light modulation strategy pave the way for broadband optoelectronic devices and optical modulators.

作为实现全固态激光器频率转换功能的关键材料, 紫外非线性光学晶体发挥着不可替代的作用。设计兼具大的非线性光学系数、合适的双折射和宽带隙的紫外非线性光学晶体仍然是该领域亟待攻克的一个难题。由于具有宽的带隙, 硫酸盐已成为紫外非线性光学晶体领域的一个重要研究方向。SO₄四面体基团具有接近非极性的Td对称性, 使其极化率各向异性和二阶极化率较小, 因而对晶体的非线性系数和双折射贡献很小。通常引入畸变程度高的阳离子多面体可以增加晶体的非线性效应和双折射。本工作将易于形成畸变多面体的Hg²⁺离子引入到硫酸盐体系中, 采用高温熔体法合成出新型非线性光学晶体材料Rb₃Hg₂(SO₄)₃Cl。该晶体属于单斜晶系, 空间群为P2₁, 晶胞参数为a=0.78653(2) nm, b=0.97901(2) nm, c=1.00104(3) nm, β=110.95(3), Z=2。其晶体结构由[SO₄]四面体、[HgO₅]和[HgO₄Cl]多面体以角共享的方式连接形成空间网状结构, 而Rb⁺填充在孔洞中。Rb₃Hg₂(SO₄)₃Cl晶体的粉末倍频效应为1.5倍KDP, 且能够在可见光区实现相位匹配。紫外漫反射光谱测试表明, 紫外截止边为251 nm, 对应光学带隙为4.94 eV。利用偏光显微镜确定该晶体在546.1 nm处的双折射为0.04。此外, 第一性原理计算表明, 晶体的非线性系数主要来源于扭曲的[HgO₅]、[HgO₄Cl]和[SO₄]多面体。上述结果表明, Rb₃Hg₂(SO₄)₃Cl是具有潜在应用前景的紫外非线性光学晶体材料。