与可见光区（400~700 nm）和近红外一区（NIR-I，700~900 nm）荧光成像（FL）相比，近红外二区（NIR-II，1000~1700 nm）荧光成像具有更深的穿透深度、更高的信噪比。开发亮度高、吸收/发射波长长、生物相容性好的NIR-II荧光探针一直是NIR-II荧光成像领域的一个重要研究方向。有机NIR-II荧光探针以其优异的生物相容性和良好的药代动力学特性而备受关注。本文从红移吸收/发射波长、提高荧光量子产率/摩尔吸光系数、改善生物相容性等角度系统总结了近年来花菁类染料、D-A-D小分子、聚合物点等有机NIR-II荧光探针的研究进展，重点介绍了具有代表性的荧光探针在活体NIR-II荧光成像中的应用，最后讨论了有机NIR-II荧光探针迈向临床应用面临的潜在挑战。

弹热制冷是一种新型制冷技术，具有解决目前传统制冷剂制冷和蒸汽压缩制冷技术所存在的大部分问题的巨大应用潜力，被认为是最具发展前景的制冷技术之一。它具有环保、高效、节能的优点，在成本、制冷量和效率及可行性等方面具有可观的优势。但弹热器件在形变过程中占用空间大、材料使用寿命低，在实际应用中仍然需要不断改进，因此，实现更加高效环保的固态制冷技术依旧是一个巨大的挑战。本综述归纳整理了弹热材料的原理、种类和器件设计。首先介绍弹热效应的基本原理和表征方法；其次，归纳以镍钛基、铜基、铁基、铁磁体形状记忆合金以及弹性聚合物作为弹热材料实现固态制冷的研究进展和需要解决的问题；最后，对目前研制出的弹热制冷装置进行了归纳分析和讨论。

Sulfamethoxazole (SMX) is a sulfonamide antibiotic primarily used to treat urinary tract infections and used in veterinary and industrialized husbandry to treat diseases and food additives. Like other antibiotics, SMX is considered as a pollutant in water and food that threaten local life. This study developed a surface plasmon resonance (SPR) sensor chip that is fast, highly selective, and reusable, and requires no pretreatment for detecting SMX. As a receptor, SMX imprinted methacrylic acid-2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate-ethylene glycol dimethacrylate polymer [poly(MAA-HEMA-EGDMA)] was used. The surface of the gold SPR chips was coated with a drop-casting method. The nanofilm coated chips were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), atomic force microscopy (AFM), ellipsometer, contact angle measurement, and Fourier-transform infrared spectrometry (FTIR). Imprinting factor (IF) was calculated as: ΔR[MIP(molecularly imprinted polymers)]/ΔR[NIP(non-imprinted)]=12/3.5=3.4. Limit of detection (LOD) and limit of quantification (LOQ) values were calculated with 3 s/m and 10 s/m methods, and the results were found to be 0.001 1 μg/L for LOD 0.003 4 μg/L for LOQ. Adsorption studies on both standard SMX solution and commercial milk samples were applied. Also, we investigated the developed chip’s reusability, storability, and selectivity with amoxicillin and cefalexin.

Photoacoustic (PA) imaging with much deeper tissue penetration and better spatial resolution had been widely employed for the prevention and diagnosis of many diseases. In this study, a new type of hydrogen peroxide (H₂O2)-activated photoacoustic nanoprobe [Mn-AH nanoscale coordination polymer nanodots (NCPs)] was successfully synthesized by a simple one-step method in water phase containing 2,2′-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS), horse radish peroxidase (HRP), and manganese ion (Mn2+). After modification by polyethylene glycol (PEG), Mn-AH NCPs exhibited excellent stability and biocompatibility for in vivo H₂O₂-responsive chromogenic assay with great specificity and sensitivity. In the presence of H₂O₂, colorless ABTS would be converted by HRP into the oxidized form with strong near-infrared (NIR) absorbance, enabling photoacoustic detection of endogenous H₂O₂. Using H₂O₂-activated Mn-AH NCPs, we have successfully performed PA imaging and H₂O₂ detection of subcutaneous murine colon CT26 tumor and deep-seated orthotopic bladder tumor. Due to the inherent Mn element existence inside the Mn-AH, this nanoprobe also serves as a good T1-weighted magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) contrast agent simultaneously. Lastly, after accomplishing its imaging functions, the Mn-AH NCPs could be cleared out from the body without any long-term toxicity, providing a new opportunity for cancer diagnosis and treatment.Photoacoustic (PA) imaging with much deeper tissue penetration and better spatial resolution had been widely employed for the prevention and diagnosis of many diseases. In this study, a new type of hydrogen peroxide (H₂O2)-activated photoacoustic nanoprobe [Mn-AH nanoscale coordination polymer nanodots (NCPs)] was successfully synthesized by a simple one-step method in water phase containing 2,2′-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS), horse radish peroxidase (HRP), and manganese ion (Mn2+). After modification by polyethylene glycol (PEG), Mn-AH NCPs exhibited excellent stability and biocompatibility for in vivo H₂O₂-responsive chromogenic assay with great specificity and sensitivity. In the presence of H₂O₂, colorless ABTS would be converted by HRP into the oxidized form with strong near-infrared (NIR) absorbance, enabling photoacoustic detection of endogenous H₂O₂. Using H₂O₂-activated Mn-AH NCPs, we have successfully performed PA imaging and H₂O₂ detection of subcutaneous murine colon CT26 tumor and deep-seated orthotopic bladder tumor. Due to the inherent Mn element existence inside the Mn-AH, this nanoprobe also serves as a good T1-weighted magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) contrast agent simultaneously. Lastly, after accomplishing its imaging functions, the Mn-AH NCPs could be cleared out from the body without any long-term toxicity, providing a new opportunity for cancer diagnosis and treatment.