随着我国核辐射技术的进步, 辐射探测在近些年也得到了高速发展, 并被广泛应用于辐射安全监测、放射性医学诊疗、X射线安监系统、工业无损探伤以及微观粒子轨迹探测等诸多领域。辐射光致发光(Radio- photoluminescence, RPL)是一种在电离辐射作用下, 材料内部产生新的发光中心, 并被紫外光激发进而发光的现象, 可作为一种新型辐射探测手段。RPL材料通常具有存储辐射信息、信息几乎不衰减、剂量线性响应好、均匀稳定的高辐射灵敏度、能量依赖性小和可重复读数等特点, 弥补了光释光(Optically stimulated luminescence, OSL)和热释光(Thermally stimulated luminescence, TSL)材料在存储稳定性和重复使用性等方面的不足。自RPL现象被报道以来, RPL材料层出不穷, 如传统的Ag掺杂磷酸盐玻璃、Al₂O₃:C,Mg和LiF, 再到新型的Cu离子掺杂体系、Sm离子掺杂体系以及无掺杂体系材料等。同时, RPL应用也被不断发掘, 目前它已成为辐射探测领域不可或缺的材料之一。基于此, 本文概述了RPL材料的最新进展, 重点梳理了传统和新型RPL材料的发光原理、性能特点及其应用, 特别对比了不同RPL材料在辐射探测性能方面的差异。最后, 本文对RPL材料的优势及其不足之处进行了归纳分析, 并对其发展趋势进行了展望。

针对靶用高Z金属薄膜的无损检测需求，提出了一种通过超环面弯晶聚焦型X光单能成像器件，实现金属薄膜均匀性及面密度等参数精确标定的测量技术。该技术即通过高通量、高单能性成像，定量获取薄膜X光透过率及其空间分布，有效提升了面密度测量的精度，同时实现了对其均匀性的高空间分辨评估。从总体方案设计、元器件制备和测试实验等方面开展了深入研究，并评估了各种可能因素对测量不确定度的影响。所发展的超环面弯晶成像系统针对20 keV级的高能X射线在mm尺度内实现了优于5 μm的微区分辨，能谱分辨达到几eV。通过泡沫金样品面密度测量实验证明了技术可行性，相对不确定度优于2%。研究结果为激光惯性约束聚变高Z靶材料的精密无损检测提供了一种新的测量技术，并有望应用于其他需要大视场、高空谱分辨成像的需求领域。

Curved crystal imaging is an important means of plasma diagnosis. Due to the short wavelengths of high-energy X rays and the fixed lattice constant of the spherical crystal, it is difficult to apply the spherical crystal in high-energy X-ray imaging. In this study, we have developed a high-energy, high-resolution X-ray imager based on a toroidal crystal that can effectively correct astigmatism. We prepared a Ge 〈511〉 toroidal crystal for backlighting Mo Kα1 characteristic lines (∼17.48 keV) and verified its high-resolution imaging ability in high-energy X-ray region, achieving a spatial resolution of 5–10 µm in a field of view larger than 1.0 mm.

与白光X射线动态显微CT（Micro Computed Tomography）相比，单色光X射线动态显微CT具有较低的辐射损伤和较高的密度分辨率，但是更难以平衡其空间和时间分辨率。目前，单色光X射线动态显微CT的最高时间分辨率可达到13.3 Hz，探测器有效像素尺寸为5 μm。为了构建具有更高时空分辨率的单色光X射线动态显微CT系统，基于上海光源快速X光成像线站（BL16U2）的高通量密度单色光，将高速转台与三镜头大数值孔径快速X射线成像探测器相结合，构建了实验系统。以速发型聚氨酯材料为研究对象进行了验证实验，在15 keV单色光下动态显微CT的时间分辨率达到了20 Hz，探测器有效像素尺寸为2.2 μm。对气泡运动进行相关定量分析，证明该系统具有高时空分辨率和高对比度分辨率，可以对复杂运动系统进行四维时空定量分析，为BL16U2线站用户进行高时空分辨率的复杂原位研究提供了强大的实验平台。

Scintillators are the vital component in X-ray perspective image technology that is applied in medical imaging, industrial nondestructive testing, and safety testing. But the high cost and small size of single-crystal commercialized scintillators limit their practical application. Here, a series of Tb³⁺-doped borosilicate glass (BSG) scintillators with big production size, low cost, and high spatial resolution are designed and fabricated. The structural, photoluminescent, and scintillant properties are systematically investigated. Benefiting from excellent transmittance (87% at 600 nm), high interquantum efficiency (60.7%), and high X-ray excited luminescence (217% of Bi₄Ge₃O₁₂), the optimal sample shows superhigh spatial resolution (exceeding 20 lp/mm). This research suggests that Tb³⁺-doped BSG scintillators have potential applications in the static X-ray imaging field.

Lead halide perovskite materials exhibit excellent scintillation performance, which, however, suffer from serious stability and toxicity problems. In contrast, the heavy metal-free anti-perovskite materials [ MX₄ ] XA₃ (A = alkali metal; M = transition metal; X = Cl, Br, I), a class of electron-inverted perovskite derivatives, exhibit robust structural and photophysical stability. Here, we design and prepare a lead-free [ MnBr₄ ] BrCs₃ anti-perovskite nanocrystal (NC)-embedded glass for efficient X-ray-excited luminescence with high-resolution X-ray imaging with a spatial resolution of 19.1 lp mm ^{- 1}. Due to the unique crystal structure and the protection of the glass matrix, the Cs₃MnBr₅ NC-embedded glass exhibits excellent X-ray irradiation stability, thermal stability, and water resistance. These merits enable the demonstration of real-time and durable X-ray radiography based on the developed glassy composite. This work could stimulate the research and development of novel metal halide anti-perovskite materials and open a new path for future development in the field of high-resolution and ultrastable X-ray imaging.