We demonstrate a stable narrow linewidth single-frequency erbium-doped fiber laser (EDFL) operating at 1.6 µm. A Fabry–Perot fiber Bragg grating and two cascaded subrings are incorporated in the main ring cavity to achieve single-frequency operation. The experimentally measured optical signal-to-noise ratio is greater than 73 dB. Furthermore, the linewidth of the EDFL is measured to be about 480 Hz by the self-built short-delayed self-heterodyne interferometry device. The laser shows superior stability, with no mode-hopping during the 60-min observation period. The proposed EDFL provides a new experimental idea for realizing a single-frequency fiber laser in the L-band.

A low-numerical-aperture (NA) concept enables large-mode-area fiber with better single-mode operation ability, which is beneficial for transverse mode instability and nonlinear effects suppression. In this contribution, we reported a high-power fiber amplifier based on a piece of self-developed large-mode-area low-NA fiber with a core NA of 0.049 and a core/inner cladding diameter of 25/400 µm. The influence of the pump wavelength and fiber length on the power scaling potential of the fiber amplifier is systematically investigated. As a result, an output of 4.80 kW and a beam quality factor of ∼1.33 were finally obtained, which is the highest output power ever reported in a fiber amplifier exploiting the low-NA fiber. The results reveal that low-NA fibers have superiority in power scaling and beam quality maintenance at high power levels.

All-fiber few-mode erbium-doped fiber amplifiers (FM-EDFAs) with isolation and wavelength division multiplexers (IWDMs) have been developed to enable flexible pumping in different directions. The FM-EDFA can achieve >30 dB modal gain with <0.3 dB differential modal gain (DMG). We experimentally simulate the DMG performance of a cascade FM-EDFA system using the equivalent spectrum method. The overall DMG reaches 1.84 dB after 10-stage amplification. We also build a recirculating loop to simulate the system, and the developed FM-EDFA can support transmission up to 3270 km within a 2 dB overall DMG by optimizing the few-mode fiber length in the loop.

理论分析了波长为2 µm的掺铥光纤放大器中受激布里渊散射（SBS）对激光输出性能的影响，研究了双包层掺铥光纤在793 nm的泵浦波长和1.9~2.1 µm的激光工作波段的光模分布、有效折射率、有效模场面积和归一化频率，数值计算了在1.9~2.1µm的激光工作波段双包层掺铥光纤中的布里渊频移和布里渊增益谱等SBS特性。利用增益光纤中的受激布里渊散射理论模型，研究了受激布里渊散射对掺铥光纤放大器激光输出性能的影响。在DTDF-10/130双包层掺铥光纤中，使用功率为100 W、波长为793 nm的连续光作为泵浦，可对波长为2 μm、功率为0.01 W的连续信号光进行放大。当泵浦光功率填充因子为0.01、0.02和0.03时，信号光的最大输出功率分别为25.27 W、31.08 W和34.06 W。对应的最佳双包层光纤长度为2.66 m、2.02 m和1.75 m，由受激布里渊散射产生的斯托克斯光功率分别为1.68 W、1.39 W和1.14 W。结果表明，在掺铥光纤放大器中使用泵浦光功率填充因子大的双包层光纤可以降低光纤长度，从而减小受激布里渊散射对信号激光输出功率的影响。本文的数值模型可以对光纤放大器的光纤长度进行优化，对提高实验效率、降低实验成本具有重要价值。

3 μm激光处于分子指纹区，在医疗外科、气体检测、**应用等领域都有重要的应用价值。Er³⁺∶ZBLAN光纤激光器具有效率高、可集成的优点，是3 μm激光的主要输出方式。本文从铒离子跃迁产生3 μm激光出发，围绕Er³⁺∶ZBLAN光纤激光器，介绍了3 μm激光产生的结构原理及能级系统，总结了实现该波段高功率连续输出和脉冲输出的技术方案和研究进展，重点介绍了基于不同材料可饱和吸收体的调Q和锁模激光器实验研究，并对目前实现3 μm波段高功率输出需要解决的问题进行了分析，最后对Er³⁺∶ZBLAN激光器的发展方向进行了展望。

基于全保偏掺铒光纤激光器、锁相环系统和太赫兹测距光路搭建了一套太赫兹双光梳测距系统。所采用的全保偏掺铒光纤激光器重复频率为79.261 MHz。利用压电陶瓷(piezoelectric ceramics, PZT)和步进电机(stepper motor, SM)双级反馈控制的方案，实现了重复频率锁定和重复频率1.54 MHz可调。使用频率计数器对双光梳重复频率锁定效果进行监测，重复频率锁定的峰峰值抖动为±1.5 mHz，抖动标准差为0.4 mHz。将双光梳重频差设置在10 Hz，10 min内重复频率差最大抖动为3 mHz，标准差为0.6 mHz。进一步将异步采样双光梳系统应用于太赫兹测距，测量移动距离的误差为3 μm。该系统具有锁定精度高，稳定性强等优势，有望应用于生物无损检测和工业精密加工中。

The dynamic gain of a few-mode erbium-doped fiber amplifier (FM-EDFA) is vital for the long-haul mode division multiplexing (MDM) transmission. Here, we investigate the mode-dependent dynamic gain of an FM-EDFA under various manipulations of the pump mode. First, we numerically calculate the gain variation with respect to the input signal power, where a mode-dependent saturation input power occurs under different pump modes. Even under the fixed intensity profile of the pump laser, the saturation input power of each spatial mode is different. Moreover, high-order mode pumping leads to a compression of the linear amplification region, even though it is beneficial for the mitigation of the differential modal gain (DMG) arising in all guided modes. Then, we develop an all-fiber 3-mode EDFA, where the fundamental mode of the pump laser can be efficiently converted to the LP₁₁ mode using the all-fiber mode-selective coupler (MSC). In comparison with the traditional LP₀₁ pumping scheme, the DMG at 1550 nm can be mitigated from 1.61 dB to 0.97 dB under the LP₁₁ mode pumping, while both an average gain of 19.93 dB and a DMG of less than 1 dB can be achieved from 1530 nm to 1560 nm. However, the corresponding signal input saturation powers are reduced by 0.3 dB for the LP₀₁ mode and 1.6 dB for the LP₁₁ mode, respectively. Both theoretical and experimental results indicate that a trade-off occurs between the DMG mitigation and the extension of the linear amplification range when the intensity profile of pump laser is manipulated.