为了改善和优化眼镜镜片的加工流程，避免镜片尖边加工过程中刀轴矢量变化剧烈、影响工件表面的加工质量，提出了一种基于UG NX的五轴数控加工路径。利用智能镜框扫描仪对镜框边缘进行扫描，获得镜框凹槽点云数据文件，编写相应程序对符合眼镜片加工标准的OMA文件中的球坐标数据进行坐标及格式转换等处理。基于NURBS曲线拟合算法，实现刀路轨迹的连续性并保证拟合曲线的精度。设计和建立一种控制刀轴矢量平滑变化的刀轴驱动约束方法，依靠曲线驱动刀轴及镜片曲面法向量约束刀轴使刀头平滑进给，并将刀轨文件经过后处理转换为NC文件。最后，对加工后的镜片进行误差测量，结果表明，通过点云数据拟合刀路曲线的方法提高了加工面的精确度和光滑性，有效缩减了加工流程，提高了加工效率。

全口径环形抛光是加工大口径平面光学元件的关键技术之一，其瓶颈问题是元件面形的高效高精度控制。通过研究元件面形的影响因素及其控制方法从而提升其确定性控制水平。围绕影响面形误差的运动速度、抛光盘表面形状误差和钝化状态等关键工艺因素，建立基于运动轨迹有效弧长的环形抛光运动学模型，揭示了抛光盘表面开槽槽型对面形误差的影响规律；提出了采用位移传感器以螺旋路径扫描抛光盘表面并通过插值算法生成其形状误差的方法，建立基于小工具的子口径修正方法，实现了抛光盘形状误差的在位定量修正；提出抛光盘表面钝化状态的监测方法，研究了抛光盘表面钝化状态对面形误差的影响规律。结果表明：抛光盘表面开槽采用环形槽时元件表面容易产生环带特征，采用径向槽、方形槽和螺旋槽时元件表面较为匀滑；通过在位定量检测和修正抛光盘形状误差，可显著提升元件的面形精度；随着抛光盘表面的逐渐钝化，元件面形逐渐恶化。在研制的5 m直径大口径环形抛光机床上加工800 mm×400 mm×100 mm平面元件的面形PV值优于λ/6（λ=632.8 nm），提升了元件的面形控制效率和精度。

An optical micro/nanofiber (MNF) is a quasi-one-dimensional free-standing optical waveguide with a diameter close to or less than the vacuum wavelength of light. Combining the tiny geometry with high-refractive-index contrast between the core and the surrounding, the MNF exhibits favorable optical properties such as tight optical confinement, strong evanescent field, and large-diameter-dependent waveguide dispersion. Meanwhile, as a quasi-one-dimensional structure with extraordinarily high geometric and structural uniformity, the MNF also has low optical loss and high mechanical strength, making it favorable for manipulating light on the micro/nanoscale with high flexibility. Over the past two decades, optical MNFs, typically being operated in single mode, have been emerging as a miniaturized fiber-optic platform for both scientific research and technological applications. In this paper, we aim to provide a comprehensive overview of the representative advances in optical MNFs in recent years. Starting from the basic structures and fabrication techniques of the optical MNFs, we highlight linear and nonlinear optical and mechanical properties of the MNFs. Then, we introduce typical applications of optical MNFs from near-field optics, passive optical components, optical sensors, and optomechanics to fiber lasers and atom optics. Finally, we give a brief summary of the current status of MNF optics and technology, and provide an outlook into future challenges and opportunities.

To improve the processing efficiency and extend the tuning range of 3D isotropic fabrication, we apply the simultaneous spatiotemporal focusing (SSTF) technique to a high-repetition-rate femtosecond (fs) fiber laser system. In the SSTF scheme, we propose a pulse compensation scheme for the fiber laser with a narrow spectral bandwidth by building an extra-cavity pulse stretcher. We further demonstrate truly 3D isotropic microfabrication in photosensitive glass with a tunable resolution ranging from 8 μm to 22 μm using the SSTF of fs laser pulses. Moreover, we systematically investigate the influences of pulse energy, writing speed, processing depth, and spherical aberration on the fabrication resolution. As a proof-of-concept demonstration, the SSTF scheme was further employed for the fs laser-assisted etching of complicated glass microfluidic structures with 3D uniform sizes. The developed technique can be extended to many applications such as advanced photonics, 3D biomimetic printing, micro-electromechanical systems, and lab-on-a-chips.