针对迷你无人飞行器（mini-UAV）探测难度大的问题，仿真设计并制作了谐振频率接近mini-UAV噪声特征频率的硅基微机电系统（MEMS）轮形振膜，结合精密机械加工制作了光纤法布里-珀罗干涉式声传感器。测试结果表明，该光纤声传感器的谐振频率为7.279 kHz，与仿真结果基本一致，其在频率为7 kHz声波正入射的条件下的灵敏度为1.8 V/Pa，信噪比为71 dB，最小可探测声压为99 μPa/Hz^0.5。值得强调的是，该声传感器对声波的响应呈现“8”字形的方向依赖性，表明其具有识别声源方向的能力。进一步在户外测试了该光纤声传感器对mini-UAV的探测能力，结果表明，声传感器能够在65 m的范围内探测到mini-UAV噪声，其探测距离是商用驻极体声传感器的3倍左右。所研制的硅基MEMS轮形振膜光纤声传感器为解决实践中mini-UAV探测难的问题提供了一种简单有效的工具。

太赫兹时域光谱系统（THz-TDS）是检测物质组成和变化的先进科学装置，可以准确定位和分析物质的微小变化，对物理学、化学、生物学等多个学科的发展产生了深远影响。光纤式THz-TDS在光路传播时具有能量传输损失少、结构紧凑等优点。在光纤式THz-TDS的基础上，将双透镜和旋转延迟线结合，通过研究分析耦合效率理论和双透镜传输特性，利用光学软件ZEMAX设计了一款双透镜准直耦合收发一体共光路系统。为了得到更高的单模光纤耦合效率，研究分析了激光与光纤的耦合原理及耦合误差，并且绘制了耦合失配时的效率曲线。研究结果表明：高斯传播单模光纤的耦合效率达到了76.27%，可以满足稳定辐射太赫兹信号的要求，同时，光纤耦合效率的提高对于增大THz-TDS的太赫兹脉冲信号带宽具有一定帮助。

Miniaturized fiber-Bragg-grating (FBG) interrogators are of interest for applications in the areas where weight and size controlling is important, e.g., airplanes and aerospace or in-situ monitoring. An ultra-compact high-precision on-chip interrogator is proposed based on a tailored arrayed waveguide grating (AWG) on a silicon-on-insulator (SOI) platform. The on-chip interrogator enables continuous wavelength interrogation from 1 544 nm to 1 568 nm with the wavelength accuracy of less than 1 pm [the root-mean-square error (RMSE) is 0.73 pm] over the whole wavelength range. The chip loss is less than 5 dB. The 1 × 16 AWG is optimized to achieve a large bandwidth and a low noise level at each channel, and the FBG reflection peaks can be detected by multiple output channels of the AWG. The fabricated AWG is utilized to interrogate FBG sensors through the center of gravity (CoG) algorithm. The validation of an on-chip FBG interrogator that works with sub-picometer wavelength accuracy in a broad wavelength range shows large potential for applications in miniaturized fiber optic sensing systems.

The effectiveness of monitoring and early-warning systems for ground deformation phenomena, such as sinkholes, depends on their ability to accurately resolve the ongoing ground displacement and detect the subtle deformation preceding catastrophic failures. Sagging sinkholes with a slow subsidence rate and diffuse edges pose a significant challenge for subsidence monitoring due to the low deformation rates and limited lateral strain gradients. In this work, we satisfactorily illustrate the practicality of the Brillouin optical time domain analysis (BOTDA) to measure the spatial-temporal patterns of the vertical displacement in such challenging slow-moving sagging sinkholes. To assess the performance of the approach, we compare the strain recorded by the distributed optical fiber sensor with the vertical displacement measured by high-precision leveling. The results show a good spatial correlation with the ability to identify the maximum subsidence point. There is also a good temporal correlation with the detection of an acceleration phase in the subsidence associated with a flood event.

In this paper, a new concept of forward-pumped random Raman fiber laser (RRFL)-based liquid refractive index sensing is proposed for the first time. For liquid refractive index sensing, the flat fiber end immersed in the liquid can act as the point reflector for generating random fiber lasing and also as the sensing head. Due to the high sensitivity of the output power of the RRFL to the reflectivity provided by the point reflector in the ultralow reflectivity regime, the proposed RRFL is capable of achieving liquid refractive index sensing by measuring the random lasing output power. We theoretically investigate the effects of the operating pump power and fiber length on the refractive index sensitivity for the proposed RRFL. As a proof-of-concept demonstration, we experimentally realize high-sensitivity half-open short-cavity RRFL-based liquid refractive index sensing with the maximum sensitivity and the sensing resolution of –39.88 W/RIU and 2.507 5 × 10-5 RIU, respectively. We also experimentally verify that the refractive index sensitivity can be enhanced with the shorter fiber length of the RRFL. This work extends the application of the random fiber laser as a new platform for highly-sensitive refractive index sensing in chemical, biomedical, and environmental monitoring applications, etc.

为实现冲击波动态信号的测量，研制了一种光纤端面镀金-派瑞林-金三层结构的薄膜式光纤法布里-珀罗压力传感器。对该传感器进行了理论分析与仿真，搭建了静态和动态压力测量系统，并对其进行测试与分析。结果表明：在0~60 MPa的静态压力测量范围内，传感器的波长灵敏度和腔长灵敏度分别为0.0809 nm/MPa和0.3200 nm/MPa，与仿真结果一致；在动态压力测量中，传感器成功捕捉到了压力峰值为7.41 MPa和上升时间为75 ns的冲击波信号。

提出并制备了一种基于法布里-珀罗干涉仪（FPI）和反共振（AR）效应的光纤温湿度传感器。将单模光纤（SMF）和端面固化了聚酰亚胺（PI）的带涂层无芯光纤（NCF）插入非封闭硅管两端构建FPI，利用具有相似光程的空气腔和空气-PI混合腔产生光谱叠加的游标效应，显著提高相对湿度检测灵敏度。NCF包层的光和部分折射进丙烯酸树脂涂层的光耦合形成AR，利用温度引起涂层折射率的改变导致AR非透射波长产生漂移，实现对温度的高灵敏度测量。实验结果表明：在10%~80%的相对湿度范围内，相对湿度灵敏度为510.25 pm/%；在26~35 ℃的温度范围内，温度灵敏度可达-4.48 nm/℃。该传感器具有成本低、灵敏度高的优点，在生物医学、健康监测等方面具有重要的应用价值。

宽谱光源驱动谐振光纤陀螺（RFOG）利用宽带光源抑制寄生噪声。然而，宽带光源引入的过量相对强度噪声（RIN）成为陀螺精度提升的主要限制因素。因此，考虑到不同光纤环形谐振腔（FRR）参数的影响，研究宽谱光源驱动RFOG中的RIN具有重要意义。基于宽带光源驱动RFOG的传输特性，构建了宽谱光源驱动RFOG中RIN的理论模型。分析了放大自发辐射源（ASE）谱宽和谐振环的分光比对腔内RIN的影响，并通过实验验证了理论结果的准确性。这些结果为减轻宽带光源驱动RFOG系统中的RIN提供了理论参考。