物联网和可穿戴器件的快速发展对传感器的制备和性能提出了更高的要求。由于加工速度快、精度高、可控性强、易集成、与材料兼容性高等优点,激光微纳制造已逐渐成为一种流行的材料制备和器件加工技术。通过激光诱导加热、反应和分离这三种激光加工方式实现了对不同材料的激光处理,这为传感器的制备奠定了基础。近年来,研究人员利用激光微纳加工技术制备了应用于紫外线、气体、湿度、温度、应变/应力、生物、环境等信号监测的不同传感器。总结和归纳了目前存在的问题,展望了激光微纳制造在传感领域中的发展方向。希望文中对激光微纳制造应用于传感领域的介绍和总结能够为未来的研究和发展提供思路和参考。

一次性整体成型或传统的加工方式已不能满足聚对苯撑苯并双噁唑(PBO)纤维增强复合材料精密加工和装配的要求。首先分别采用波长为355 nm的紫外皮秒激光和波长为1030 nm的红外皮秒激光对PBO纤维增强复合材料进行切割加工,加工过程中采用渐进式焦点下移和多道扫描策略;然后采用扫描电子显微镜观察了复合材料的切割截面形貌,分析了材料的物理去除机制和加工热损伤;最后研究了激光功率、扫描速度和方向、脉冲重复频率等激光参数与切割质量、切割效率之间的关系。实验结果表明:紫外皮秒激光可以实现“冷加工”和光化学效应,得到了较高的切割质量;激光焦点随加工进程下移可以有效提高加工质量并改善材料切割表面的一致性。研究结果表明,采用8 W、400 kHz、1000 mm/s的激光参数可以进行高质、高效的材料加工。

激光加工纤维增强复合材料的常见方法是切割、钻孔和表面处理等,本文综述了激光加工纤维增强复合材料的国内外研究进展,重点聚焦碳纤维增强复合材料的激光加工方法,阐述了激光加工纤维增强复合材料的特点和物理去除机制,总结了激光工艺参数对加工质量和加工效率的影响规律,最后展望了激光加工纤维复合材料的发展与挑战。

Advanced micro/nanofabrication of functional materials and structures with various dimensions represents a key research topic in modern nanoscience and technology and becomes critically important for numerous emerging technologies such as nanoelectronics, nanophotonics and micro/nanoelectromechanical systems. This review systematically explores the non-conventional material processing approaches in fabricating nanomaterials and micro/nanostructures of various dimensions which are challenging to be fabricated via conventional approaches. Research efforts are focused on laser-based techniques for the growth and fabrication of one-dimensional (1D), two-dimensional (2D) and three-dimensional (3D) nanomaterials and micro/nanostructures. The following research topics are covered, including: 1) laser-assisted chemical vapor deposition (CVD) for highly efficient growth and integration of 1D nanomaterial of carbon nanotubes (CNTs), 2) laser direct writing (LDW) of graphene ribbons under ambient conditions, and 3) LDW of 3D micro/nanostructures via additive and subtractive processes. Comparing with the conventional fabrication methods, the laser-based methods exhibit several unique advantages in the micro/nanofabrication of advanced functional materials and structures. For the 1D CNT growth, the laser-assisted CVD process can realize both rapid material synthesis and tight control of growth location and orientation of CNTs due to the highly intense energy delivery and laser-induced optical near-field effects. For the 2D graphene synthesis and patterning, roomtemperature and open-air fabrication of large-scale graphene patterns on dielectric surface has been successfully realized by a LDW process. For the 3D micro/nanofabrication, the combination of additive two-photon polymerization (TPP) and subtractive multi-photon ablation (MPA) processes enables the fabrication of arbitrary complex 3D micro/nanostructures which are challenging for conventional fabrication methods. Considering the numerous unique advantages of laser-based techniques, the laserbased micro/nanofabrication is expected to play a more and more important role in the fabrication of advanced functional micro/nano-devices.

研究了二氧化碳激光在吸收膜-金属表面的吸收问题,通过研究电磁学、光学常数和表面吸收率的关系,总结出在金属材料表面提高吸收率的表面膜材料的选择原则和有关最佳材料范围.

在激光功率密度为4.0×108～5.0×109Wcm-2的范围内,用冲击摆测量了Nd:YAG脉冲激光(波长为1.06 μm,脉宽为10ns)辐照大气中不同面积的HgCdTe样品时的冲量耦合系数。从理论上建立了等离子体爆轰模型,对激光结束后等离子体的膨胀过程进行了比较详细的描述,用此模型计算了不同能量的脉冲激光与不同面积的HgCdTe相互作用时的冲量耦合系数,计算值与测量值符合得较好。

采用一维单流体双温度辐射流体动力学模型.通过数值模拟方法.研究了XeCl准分子激光辐照金属Al靶时.气化等离子体的形成和演化过程.