High-power ultrafast laser amplification based on a non-polarization maintaining fiber chirped pulse amplifier is demonstrated. The active polarization control technology based on the root-mean-square propagation (RMS-prop) algorithm is employed to guarantee a linearly polarized output from the system. A maximum output power of 402.3 W at a repetition rate of 80 MHz is realized with a polarization extinction ratio (PER) of > 11.4 dB. In addition, the reliable operation of the system is verified by examining the stability and noise properties of the amplified laser. The M² factor of the laser beam at the highest output power is measured to be less than 1.15, indicating a diffraction-limited beam quality. Finally, the amplified laser pulse is temporally compressed to 755 fs with a highest average power of 273.8 W. This is the first time, to the best of our knowledge, that the active polarization control technology was introduced into the high-power ultrafast fiber amplifier.

超透镜凭借其独特的优势逐渐取代或补充了传统的折光和衍射透镜，从而领先小型化高性能光学设备和系统。这种小型化有望带来紧凑的纳米级光学设备，应用于相机、照明、显示器和可穿戴光学。但在传统的超透镜设计中，几何相位通常需要左右旋圆偏振光的手性限制。为了使其不再局限于左旋圆偏振光(LCP)和右旋圆偏振光(RCP)入射，设计了基于几何相位的全介质超透镜，实现了线偏振光的近场聚焦，其与超表面滤光片主要输出波长(可见光波段)一致。采用有效时域差分法研究并验证了超透镜各变量对光场聚焦特性的影响，超透镜等其他超表面光学元器件前所未有的设计自由度将极大地扩大微光学和集成光学的应用领域。

高功率窄线宽光纤激光器在相干合成、光谱合成以及非线性频率转换等领域发挥了重要的作用，吸引了大量国内外研究人员的广泛关注。近年来，华中科技大学武汉光电国家研究中心光纤激光技术团队持续进行优秀的国产化高功率窄线宽线偏振光纤激光技术的研究工作，2022年，课题组采用基于振荡器的种子源加自研的保偏掺镱光纤先后实现单正向1.2 kW和单反向3.2 kW的线偏振窄线宽光纤激光输出。近期，课题组进一步优化保偏掺镱光纤的掺杂组分，并改良振荡器种子源设计来抑制窄线宽保偏放大过程中的TMI和受激布里渊散射（SBS）效应，最终实现了输出功率4.1 kW的窄线宽线偏振全光纤激光输出。

Diverse spatial mode bases can be exploited in mode-division multiplexing (MDM) to sustain the capacity growth in fiber-optic communications, such as linearly polarized (LP) modes, vector modes, LP orbital angular momentum (LP-OAM) modes, and circularly polarized OAM (CP-OAM) modes. Nevertheless, which kind of mode bases is more appropriate to be utilized in fiber still remains unclear. Here, we aim to find the superior mode basis in MDM fiber-optic communications via a system-level comparison in air-core fiber (ACF). We first investigate the walk-off effect of four spatial mode bases over 1-km ACF, where LP and LP-OAM modes show intrinsic mode walk-off, while it is negligible for vector and CP-OAM modes. We then study the mode coupling effect of degenerate vector and CP-OAM modes over 1-km ACF under fiber perturbations, where degenerate even and odd vector modes suffer severe mode cross talk, while negligible for high-order degenerate CP-OAM modes based on the laws of angular momentum conservation. Moreover, we comprehensively evaluate the system-level performance for data-carrying single-channel and two-channel MDM transmission with different spatial mode bases under various kinds of fiber perturbations (bending, twisting, pressing, winding, and out-of-plane moving). The obtained results indicate that the CP-OAM mode basis shows superiority compared to other mode bases in MDM fiber-optic communications without using multiple-input multiple-output digital signal processing. Our findings may pave the way for robust short-reach MDM optical interconnects for data centers and high-performance computing.

表面等离激元(Surface plasmon polaritons, SPPs)定向激发是片上集成光子系统研发的基础，利用悬链线超构表面来实现SPPs的定向激发调控是近年来的热点和前沿领域，但现有研究多针对圆偏振光，线偏振光SPPs的定向激发相对较少。本文设计了一个基于悬链线纳米粒子的超构表面来实现线偏振光SPPs定向激发。采用时域有限差分法计算了x偏振光入射下的光谱消光比曲线和电场分布，根据多级散射理论和惠更斯-菲涅尔原理解释了定向激发的物理机制。仿真结果显示，悬链线纳米粒子超构表面对线偏振SPPs的定向调控是有效的，峰值消光比可达27 dB(对应入射波长820 nm)，10 dB以上带宽约为47 nm (798 nm~845 nm)，该结果有助于悬链线多功能器件的研究与开发。