Author Affiliations
Abstract
1 Laboratory of Infrared Materials and Devices, Research Institute of Advanced Technologies, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China
2 Engineering Research Center for Advanced Infrared Photoelectric Materials and Devices of Zhejiang Province, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China
3 Department of Quantum Science and Technology, Research School of Physics, Australian National University, Canberra ACT 2601, Australia
4 School of Physics and Optoelectronics Engineering, Xidian University, Xi’an 710071, China
Three-dimensional (3D) nonlinear photonic crystals have received intensive interest as an ideal platform to study nonlinear wave interactions and explore their applications. Periodic fork-shaped gratings are extremely important in this context because they are capable of generating second-harmonic vortex beams from a fundamental Gaussian wave, which has versatile applications in optical trapping and materials engineering. However, previous studies mainly focused on the normal incidence of the fundamental Gaussian beam, resulting in symmetric emissions of the second-harmonic vortices. Here we present an experimental study on second-harmonic vortex generation in periodic fork-shaped gratings at oblique incidence, in comparison with the case of normal incidence. More quasi-phase-matching resonant wavelengths have been observed at oblique incidence, and the second-harmonic emissions become asymmetric against the incident beam. These results agree well with theoretic explanations. The oblique incidence of the fundamental wave is also used for the generation of second-harmonic Bessel beams with uniform azimuthal intensity distributions. Our study is important for a deeper understanding of nonlinear interactions in a 3D periodic medium. It also paves the way toward achieving high-quality structured beams at new frequencies, which is important for manipulation of the orbital angular momentum of light.
second-harmonic generation nonlinear photonic crystal periodically poled ferroelectric crystal quasi-phase matching nonlinear wavefront shaping Chinese Optics Letters
2024, 22(4): 041902
Author Affiliations
Abstract
1 SwissFEL, Paul Scherrer Institute, Villigen PSI, Switzerland
2 Photonics Institute, Technische Universität Wien, Vienna, Austria
3 Institute of Applied Physics, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
4 Institute for Quantum Electronics, Physics Department, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
We demonstrate the generation, spectral broadening and post-compression of second harmonic pulses using a thin beta barium borate (BBO) crystal on a fused-silica substrate as the nonlinear interaction medium. By combining second harmonic generation in the BBO crystal with self-phase modulation in the fused-silica substrate, we efficiently generate millijoule-level broadband violet pulses from a single optical component. The second harmonic spectrum covers a range from long wave ultraviolet (down to 310 nm) to visible (up to 550 nm) with a bandwidth of 65 nm. Subsequently, we compress the second harmonic beam to a duration of 4.8 fs with a pulse energy of 0.64 mJ (5 fs with a pulse energy of 1.05 mJ) using chirped mirrors. The all-solid free-space apparatus is compact, robust and pulse energy scalable, making it highly advantageous for generating intense second harmonic pulses from near-infrared femtosecond lasers in the sub-5 fs regime.
post-compression second harmonic generation self-phase modulation supercontinuum generation High Power Laser Science and Engineering
2024, 12(2): 02000e16
Author Affiliations
Abstract
1 State Key Laboratory of Advanced Optical Communication Systems and Networks, School of Physics and Astronomy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
2 School of Electronic and Electrical Engineering, Shanghai University of Engineering Science, Shanghai 201620, China
3 Shanghai Research Center for Quantum Sciences, Shanghai 201315, China
4 Collaborative Innovation Center of Light Manipulations and Applications, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250358, China
Whispering-gallery-mode (WGM) microresonators can greatly enhance light–matter interaction, making them indispensable units for frequency conversion in nonlinear optics. Efficient nonlinear wave mixing in microresonators requires stringent simultaneous optical resonance and phase-matching conditions. Thus, it is challenging to achieve efficient frequency conversion over a broad bandwidth. Here, we demonstrate broadband second-harmonic generation (SHG) in the x-cut thin-film lithium niobate (TFLN) microdisk with a quality factor above 107 by applying the cyclic quasi-phase-matching (CQPM) mechanism, which is intrinsically applicable for broadband operation. Broadband SHG of continuous-wave laser with a maximum normalized conversion efficiency of ∼15%/mW is achieved with a bandwidth spanning over 100 nm in the telecommunication band. Furthermore, broadband SHG of femtosecond lasers, supercontinuum lasers, and amplified spontaneous emission in the telecommunication band is also experimentally observed. The work is beneficial for integrated nonlinear photonics devices like frequency converters and optical frequency comb generator based on second-order nonlinearity on the TFLN platform.
lithium niobate whispering-gallery mode broadband second-harmonic generation cyclic quasi-phase matching Chinese Optics Letters
2024, 22(3): 031903
Author Affiliations
Abstract
1 Laboratory of Infrared Materials and Devices, Research Institute of Advanced Technologies, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China
2 Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Photoelectric Materials and Devices, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China
3 Ningbo Institute of Oceanography, Ningbo 315832, China
4 Department of Quantum Science and Technology, Research School of Physics, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia
The design of nonlinear photonic Vogel’s spiral based on quasi-crystal theory was demonstrated. Two main parameters of Vogel’s spiral were arranged to obtain multi-reciprocal circles. Typical structure was fabricated by the near-infrared femtosecond laser poling technique, forming a nonlinear photonic structure, and multiple ring-like nonlinear Raman–Nath second-harmonic generation processes were realized and analyzed in detail. The structure for the cascaded third-harmonic generation process was predicted. The results could help deepen the understanding of Vogel’s spiral and quasi-crystal and pave the way for the combination of quasi-crystal theory with more aperiodic structures.
nonlinear photonic quasi-crystal second-harmonic generation Vogel’s spiral nonlinear Raman–Nath diffraction femtosecond laser poling Chinese Optics Letters
2024, 22(3): 031902
采用化学气相沉积方法和逆向气流策略,成功地可控合成了均匀、平整、结晶良好的单层、2H相、3R相以及螺旋结构硒化钨(WSe2)单晶,利用光学显微镜、原子力显微镜、拉曼和光致发光光谱等表征进行测试分析,证实了WSe2具有优异的晶体质量。通过精确控制炉腔温度分布实现了不同原子层堆垛方式的生长调控,利用过饱和度理论分析推测出螺旋堆垛及位错臂的数量与不同过饱和度分布之间的关系,在螺旋的WSe2结构中观测到了两个数量级的二次谐波产生(SHG)增强,通过SHG偏振特性表征螺旋结构的偏转角度,揭示了层间耦合作用和内部应变对螺旋堆垛的影响,有助于推动二维半导体多相可控生长和光电物性调控研究。
材料 过渡金属硫族化合物 逆向气流化学气相沉积 螺旋堆垛 二次谐波产生
Author Affiliations
Abstract
1 Key Laboratory for Laser Plasma, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
2 Key Laboratory of Micro and Nano Photonic Structures, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
3 Tsung-Dao Lee Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
We propose a spatially chirped quasi-phase-matching (QPM) scheme that enables ultrabroadband second-harmonic-generation (SHG) by using a fan-out QPM grating to frequency-convert a spatially chirped fundamental wave. A “zero-dispersion” 4f system maps the spectral contents of ultrabroadband fundamental onto different spatial coordinates in the Fourier plane, where the fundamental is quasi-monochromatic locally in picosecond duration, fundamentally canceling high-order phase mismatch. A fan-out QPM grating characterized by a linear variation of the poling period along the transverse direction exactly supports the QPM of the spatially chirped beam. We theoretically demonstrate the SHG of an 810-nm, 12.1-fs pulse into a 405-nm, 10.2-fs pulse with a conversion efficiency of 77%.
nonlinear optics second-harmonic generation few-cycle pulse Chinese Optics Letters
2024, 22(1): 011901
Author Affiliations
Abstract
Key Laboratory of Light Field Manipulation and Information Acquisition, Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, and Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Optical Information Technology, School of Physical Science and Technology, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi’an 710129, China
The conversion-efficiency for second-harmonic (SH) in optical fibers is significantly limited by extremely weak second-order nonlinearity of fused silica, and pulse pump lasers with high peak power are widely employed. Here, we propose a simple strategy to efficiently realize the broadband and continuous wave (CW) pumped SH, by transferring a crystalline GaSe coating onto a microfiber with phase-matching diameter. In the experiment, high efficiency up to 0.08 %W-1mm-1 is reached for a C-band pump laser. The high enough efficiency not only guarantees SH at a single frequency pumped by a CW laser, but also multi-frequencies mixing supported by three CW light sources. Moreover, broadband SH spectrum is also achieved under the pump of a superluminescent light-emitting diode source with a 79.3 nm bandwidth. The proposed scheme provides a beneficial method to the enhancement of various nonlinear parameter processes, development of quasi-monochromatic or broadband CW light sources at new wavelength regions.
nonlinear optics second-harmonic generation continuous wave pump high efficiency multi-frequencies mixing broad spectra microfibers gallium selenide Opto-Electronic Advances
2023, 6(9): 230012
Author Affiliations
Abstract
1 State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies, School of Physics, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
2 State Key Laboratory for Mesoscopic Physics and Frontiers Science Center for Nano-optoelectronics, School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
Microcavities constructed from materials with a second-order nonlinear coefficient have enabled efficient second-harmonic (SH) generation at a low power level. However, it is still technically challenging to realize double resonance with large nonlinear modal overlap in a microcavity. Here, we propose a design for a robust, tunable, and easy coupling double-resonance SH generation based on the combination of a newly developed fiber-based Fabry–Perot microcavity and a sandwich structure, whose numerical SH conversion efficiency is up to 3000% W-1. This proposal provides a feasible way to construct ultra-efficient nonlinear devices for generation of classical and quantum light sources.
microcavity double resonance second-harmonic generation Chinese Optics Letters
2023, 21(11): 111901
Author Affiliations
Abstract
1 Key Laboratory of OptoElectronic Science and Technology for Medicine of Ministry of Education, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory for Photonics Technology, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou 350007, P. R. China
2 Department of Pathology, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou 350001, P. R. China
3 Department of Colorectal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350001, P. R. China
4 Department of Gastric Surgery, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou 350001, P. R. China
Gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GISTs) are the most common mesenchymal tumors arising in the digest tract. It brings a challenge to diagnosis because it is asymptomatic clinically. It is well known that tumor development is often accompanied by the changes in the morphology of collagen fibers. Nowadays, an emerging optical imaging technique, second-harmonic generation (SHG), can directly identify collagen fibers without staining due to its noncentrosymmetric properties. Therefore, in this study, we attempt to assess the feasibility of SHG imaging for detecting GISTs by monitoring the morphological changes of collagen fibers in tumor microenvironment. We found that collagen alterations occurred obviously in the GISTs by comparing with normal tissues, and furthermore, two morphological features from SHG images were extracted to quantitatively assess the morphological difference of collagen fibers between normal muscular layer and GISTs by means of automated image analysis. Quantitative analyses show a significant difference in the two collagen features. This study demonstrates the potential of SHG imaging as an adjunctive diagnostic tool for label-free identification of GISTs.
Multiphoton imaging two-photon excited fluorescence second-harmonic generation gastrointestinal stromal tumors Journal of Innovative Optical Health Sciences
2023, 16(5): 2350007