The TiO₂ with nanoparticles (NPs), nanowires (NWs), nanorods (NRs) and nanotubes (NTs) structures were prepared by using a in-situ hydrothermal technique, and then proposed as a photoanode for flexible dye-sensitized solar cell (FDSSC). The influences of the morphology of TiO₂ on the photovoltaic performances of FDSSCs were investigated. Under rear illumination of 100 mW·cm^?2, the power conversion efficiencies of FDSSCs achieved 6.96%, 7.36%, 7.65%, and 7.83% with the TiO₂ photoanodes of NPs, NWs, NRs, and NTs and PEDOT counter electrode. The FDSSCs based on TiO₂ NRs and NTs photoanodes have higher short circuit current densities and power conversion efficiencies than that of the others. The enhanced power conversion efficiency is responsible for their nanotubes and rod-shaped ordered structures, which are more beneficial to transmission of electron and hole in semiconductor compared to the TiO₂ nanoparticles and nanowires disordered structure.

Solution processible photovoltaics (PV) are poised to play an important role in scalable manufacturing of low-cost solar cells. Electrospray is uniquely suited for fabricating PVs due to its several desirable characteristics of an ideal manufacturing process such as compatibility with roll-to-roll production processes, tunability and uniformity of droplet size, capability of operating at atmospheric pressure, and negligible material waste and nano structures. This review begins with an introduction of the fundamentals and unique properties of electrospray. We put emphasis on the evaporation time and residence time that jointly affect the deposition outcome. Then we review the efforts of electrospray printing polymer solar cells, perovskite solar cells, and dye sensitized solar cells. Collectively, these results demonstrate the advantages of electrospray for solution processed PV. Electrospray has also exhibited the capability of producing uniform films as well as nanostructured and even multiscale films. So far, the electrospray has been found to improve active layer morphology, and create devices with efficiencies comparable with that of spin-coating. Finally, we discuss challenges and research opportunities that enable electrospray to become a mainstream technique for industrial scale production.

采用水热法与旋涂法, 成功制备出基于钛网基底的TiO₂纳米线阵列/Yb-Er-F掺杂TiO₂上转换发光纳米粒子(TNWAs/YEF-TiO₂-UCNPs)复合结构光阳极, 并将其组装成柔性染料敏化太阳能电池(DSSC)。探讨了Yb-Er-F掺杂TiO₂上转换发光纳米粒子的光学性能对复合结构DSSC光电转换性能的影响, 在此基础上系统研究了不同NbCl₅浓度包覆对复合结构形貌和DSSCs性能的影响。结果表明：Yb-Er-F掺杂TiO₂上转换发光纳米粒子的引入可以增大光阳极的入射光利用范围, 但同时也会增加其内部的电子复合。通过Nb₂O₅纳米粒子层的包覆可以在半导体/电解液界面形成能量势垒, 增加复合阻抗R_rec, 抑制电子复合; 提高电子收集效率η_ec和光生电子寿命τ_e, 进一步增大短路电流和开路电位, 最终提高电池的光电转换效率。采用20 mmol/L的NbCl₅乙醇溶液旋涂制备的Nb₂O₅@TNWAs/YEF-TiO₂-UCNPs复合结构柔性DSSC获得了最佳的光电转换效率(6.89%), 比未经包覆的TNWAs/YEF-TiO₂-UCNPs复合结构提升了24.3%。