Photodynamic therapy (PDT) has been increasingly used in the clinical treatment of neoplastic, inflammatory and infectious skin diseases. However, the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) may induce undesired side effects in normal tissue surrounding the treatment lesion, which is a big challenge for the clinical application of PDT. To date, (–)-Epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) has been widely proposed as an antiangiogenic and antitumor agent for the protection of normal tissue from ROS-mediated oxidative damage. This study evaluates the regulation ability of EGCG for photodynamic damage of blood vessels during hematoporphyrin monomethyl ether (Hemoporfin)-mediated PDT. The quenching rate constants of EGCG for the triplet-state Hemoporfin and photosensitized ¹O₂ generation are determined to be 6.8×108 M^?1S^?1 and 1.5×108 M^?1S^?1, respectively. The vasoconstriction of blood vessels in the protected region treated with EGCG hydrogel after PDT is lower than that of the control region treated with pure hydrogel, suggesting an efficiently reduced photodamage of Hemoporfin for blood vessels treated with EGCG. This study indicates that EGCG is an efficient quencher for triplet-state Hemoporfin and ¹O₂, and EGCG could be potentially used to reduce the undesired photodamage of normal tissue in clinical PDT.

以光敏剂为基础的光动力疗法已被确定为许多肿瘤、皮肤性疾病、血管性疾病等适应证的安全治疗方式。在近些年的研究中，卟啉类光敏剂、二氢卟吩类光敏剂等均投入临床使用，酞菁类光敏剂、稠环醌类光敏剂等均已开展临床研究。但是，光动力疗法在临床转化中还面临着诸多问题，如有限的穿透深度、较低的溶解度、暗毒性、对氧气浓度的高度依赖等，新型的安全高效的光敏剂亟待被进一步开发，以实现高度特异性微创治疗。目前，新型光敏剂的研发主要聚焦于靶向修饰和智能纳米药物递送体系以及可激活/响应型光敏剂、耐乏氧肿瘤微环境的Ⅰ型光敏剂、适应深层实体瘤治疗的光敏剂等。此外，超声激发的声动力治疗也为光敏剂的临床应用开辟了新思路。随着新型光敏剂的开发与转化，将会有更多的光敏剂药物被应用于临床实践，为癌症和其他疾病患者带来福音。

Vascular-targeted photodynamic therapy (V-PDT) is an effective treatment for port wine stains (PWS). However, repeated treatment is usually needed to achieve optimal treatment outcomes, possibly due to the limited treatment light penetration depth in the PWS lesion. The optical clearing technique can increase light penetration in depth by reducing light scattering. This study aimed to investigate the V-PDT in combination with an optical clearing agent (OCA) for the therapeutic enhancement of V-PDT in the rodent skinfold window chamber model. Vascular responses were closely monitored with laser speckle contrast imaging (LSCI), optical coherence tomography angiography, and stereo microscope before, during, and after the treatment. We further quantitatively demonstrated the effects of V-PDT in combination with OCA on the blood flow and blood vessel size of skin microvasculature. The combination of OCA and V-PDT resulted in significant vascular damage, including vasoconstriction and the reduction of blood flow. Our results indicate the promising potential of OCA for enhancing V-PDT for treating vascular-related diseases, including PWS.

Photodynamic therapy (PDT) has limited effects in treating metastatic breast cancer. Immune checkpoints can deplete the function of immune cells; however, the expression of immune checkpoints after PDT is unclear. This study investigates whether the limited efficacy of PDT is due to upregulated immune checkpoints and tries to combine the PDT and immune checkpoint inhibitor to observe the efficacy. A metastatic breast cancer model was treated by PDT mediated by hematoporphyrin derivatives (HpD-PDT). The anti-tumor effect of HpD-PDT was observed, as well as CD4+T, CD8+T and calreticulin (CRT) by immunohistochemistry and immunofluorescence. Immune checkpoints on T cells were analyzed by flow cytometry after HpD-PDT. When combining PDT with immune checkpoint inhibitors, the antitumor effect and immune effect were assessed. For HpD-PDT at 100mW/cm² and 40, 60 and 80J/cm², primary tumors were suppressed and CD4+T, CD8+T and CRT were elevated; however, distant tumors couldn’t be inhibited and survival could not be prolonged. Immune checkpoints on T cells, especially PD1 and LAG-3 after HpD-PDT, were upregulated, which may explain the reason for the limited HpD-PDT effect. After PDT combined with anti-PD1 antibody, but not with anti-LAG-3 antibody, both the primary and distant tumors were significantly inhibited and the survival time was prolonged, additionally, CD4+T, CD8+T, IFN-γ+CD4+T and TNF-α+CD4+T cells were significantly increased compared with HpD-PDT. HpD-PDT could not combat metastatic breast cancer. PD1 and LAG-3 were upregulated after HpD-PDT. Anti-PD1 antibody, but not anti-LAG-3 antibody, could augment the antitumor effect of HpD-PDT for treating metastatic breast cancer.

近红外二区（NIR-Ⅱ）金纳米团簇（Au NCs）具有明亮的多色荧光、良好的生物相容性和可肾脏清除的特性，已成为当前生物医学光子学领域中备受关注的纳米材料。首先介绍了NIR-Ⅱ Au NCs的合成方法，讨论了其面临的低产率和缺乏规模化制备的问题。其次，介绍了NIR-Ⅱ Au NCs的表面调控技术，讨论了调控团簇表面结构、组成和形态的方法，以及增大发光波长和提高荧光量子产率的方法。然后，总结了NIR-Ⅱ Au NCs在血管成像、淋巴管和淋巴结成像、肿瘤成像以及成像引导治疗等方面的最新研究进展。最后，讨论了NIR-Ⅱ Au NCs在生物医学光子学领域中面临的机遇与挑战。

结肠癌已成为我国主要癌症发病种类之一，传统的治疗方法难以抑制其转移和复发。免疫疗法虽然可以通过机体免疫系统清除肿瘤组织，但肿瘤组织中的免疫抑制微环境，往往会导致效果不及预期。光学疗法，包括光热疗法（PTT）和光动力疗法（PDT），不仅可以直接诱导肿瘤细胞凋亡和坏死，还能改善肿瘤组织中的免疫抑制环境，从而促进免疫细胞在肿瘤组织中的浸润和活性，提高免疫治疗效果。笔者创新性地利用吲哚氰绿（ICG）介导的光学疗法和天然免疫活性分子羽扇豆醇（Lupeol）对自然杀伤（NK）细胞免疫活性的提升作用实现光-免疫协同激活作用和抗肿瘤效果，通过纳米脂质体将ICG和羽扇豆醇整合得到Lip-Lupeol & ICG，并将其用于结肠癌细胞灭活研究。结果显示：Lip-Lupeol & ICG在通过两次间隔激光照射后可实现PTT和PDT的两次治疗作用，可将结肠癌细胞活性抑制至43.4%；与此同时，包裹的羽扇豆醇释放后可与光学疗法协同激活NK细胞活性，将结肠癌细胞活性进一步抑制至16.7%，为临床结肠癌治疗提供了一种新思路。

鱼类细菌性病害对发展鱼类养殖业构成了严重的威胁, 而抗生素的滥用和病原菌耐药性的出现对鱼类养殖产量、水产品质量和养殖环境造成了严重的影响。为了推动鱼类健康养殖产业的发展, 亟待创新研究鱼类病害的绿色防控技术。噬菌体作为一种天然、无残留的细菌杀手, 具有特异性强、裂解效率高等特点, 利用噬菌体治疗鱼类细菌性病害将是一种重要的技术途径。本文综述了噬菌体的重要资源挖掘、鱼类细菌性病害防控中的作用机制及其应用前景, 并提出了在鱼类健康养殖领域加快研究噬菌体治疗技术的措施, 对鱼类的健康养殖具有重要意义。