在惯性约束聚变中,辐照的均匀性直接影响到内爆实验的效果,通常结合各种空间、时间平滑技术提高光束的均匀性。光谱色散平滑技术正是一种常用的时间平滑技术,其核心是频谱展宽技术。为提高频谱展宽的效果,将单通的腔式调制器设计成双通调制器,以满足光谱色散平滑技术中频谱展宽的要求。理论上计算了双通调制器情况下的速度匹配条件,得到了一个清晰的表达式,同时在实验上验证了理论分析的正确性,以此验证了双通调制器的可行性。最后基于以上方案,进一步提出了改进成多通调制器的构想。

The target irradiation uniformity is improved by using two-dimensional smoothing by spectral dispersion and a lens array (LA). A pattern of steep edges and good middle-scale uniformity is obtained with a diffraction-weakened lens array. When two-dimensional spectral dispersion is employed in the laser chain, the beams experience spectral dispersion in two vertical directions, and the fine stripes caused by beamlets interference are smoothed out greatly. If the effect of lateral thermal conduction smoothing is taken into account, the high spatial-frequency intensity fluctuation can be eliminated further. Two-dimensional theoretic results indicate that a flat-topped and steep-edged target pattern can be achieved in this scheme. Because the position of the target does not require adjustment with high precision, the implement of this scheme is comparatively convenient.

The laser irradiation non-uniformity of target is required below 5% in inertial confinement fusion (ICF). The scheme of combining smoothing by spectral dispersion (SSD) and lens array (LA) is introduced to meet the above demand, based on the present application LA. The feasibility of the scheme is analyzed by numerical simulation. It shows that the irradiation non-uniformity of focal spot falls down from 14% with LA to 3% with SSD and LA. The result power spectrum analyses of focal spot show that the smoothing effect is caused by middle and high frequency intensity suppression. The scheme can improve the ability of beam smoothing. The results are useful for practical application.

利用二维光谱色散平滑技术和透镜列阵(LA)来改善激光驱动器中靶面的辐照均匀性。通过消衍射透镜列阵可得到包络陡峭且中小空间尺度均匀性较好的焦斑。当在光路中加入二维光谱色散平滑单元后,光束在两个互相垂直的方向发生光谱色散,多光束干涉所引起的细密条纹也将在很大程度上被抹平,如果把横向热传导平滑效应也考虑在内,高空间频率的强度波动可进一步被消除。二维理论模拟结果表明采用该方案可获得顶部平坦边缘陡峭的焦斑,而且该方案无需仔细调整靶面的位置,实际应用较方便。

基于空间频谱,对光谱色散匀滑(SSD)技术与衍射光学器件(DOE)联用的焦面光强分布进行了严格的理论分析。与光谱色散匀滑技术联用前后,衍射光学器件焦面光强分布均可转化为一系列不同频率、不同复振幅的正余弦函数的叠加。光谱色散匀滑技术对衍射光学器件焦面光强分布空间频谱进行调制,该调制不仅与光谱色散匀滑参数,还与衍射光学器件相位分布有关。该技术使得衍射光学器件焦面光强分布变得更平缓,但要获得良好的联用性能,需根据光谱色散匀滑参数进行衍射光学器件的优化设计。在某一给定的光谱色散匀滑参数条件下,进行了衍射光学器件的优化设计。结果表明,与光谱色散匀滑技术联用后,衍射光学器件对入射波前畸变的宽容度有较大提高。

为满足激光惯性约束聚变中靶面激光辐照不均匀性低于5%的要求, 在目前使用透镜列阵基础上, 提出了谱色散平滑与透镜列阵联用方案, 对其进行数值计算并分析其平滑效果和应用可行性。结果表明:焦斑的不均匀性从单独使用透镜列阵时的14%降低到与谱色散平滑结合后的3%;对焦斑点功率谱的分析表明谱色散平滑通过抑制焦斑中高频的频谱强度达到平滑效果。该方案可以进一步提高焦斑平滑效果, 计算结果对实际应用有着重要的参考意义。

基于空间频谱分析方法，建立了光谱色散匀滑技术(SSD：Smoothing by Spectral Dispersion)与衍射光学器件(DOE：Diffractive Optical Element)联用性能的简化分析模型，为SSD与DOE联用时，SSD参量的优化提供了理论依据．数值模拟了SSD各参量，包括脉冲时间、调制频率、位相调制系数、光栅线色散系数等对束匀滑性能的影响．模拟结果表明，SSD参量经过优化选取，且波前畸变随时间快速变化时，能获得良好的束匀滑性能．

To improve the ability of beam smoothing in the device of inertial confinement fusion (ICF) in China, the theory of smoothing by spectral dispersion (SSD) is studied, and some experiments are carried out to analyze the mechanism of SSD in contrast with another technology of smoothing—distributed phase plane (DPP). It is found that the uniformity of focal spot in direction of dispersion is improved markedly using sinusoidal phase modulation (PM) and dispersion in SSD. And the intensity modulation of focal spot in this direction is smoothed by SSD. According to the experiments results, the changes of spectral intensity of spatial frequency at low-mode are very limited, and at high-mode are obviously; the nonuniformity varies from 40% to 12.5%. The ability of smoothing depends on the parameter of SSD. It also shows that the color cycle is very important in the process of smoothing, although the smoothing by broaden of laser spectral width for PM is poor.

It is simulated numerically the transmission of beams phase modulated and spectrally dispersed by the unit for smoothing by spectral dispersion put in the laser driver for inertial confinement fusion. The results show that the diffraction spot of a spectrally dispersed beam becomes larger and its near-field uniformity is improved, while there exists area where the intensity is nearly even within the far-field spot. The effects of the main parameters of the electro-optic phase modulator and the grating in the unit on the diffraction characteristics of the beams are further discussed, and it is found that intensity modulation emerges in the far-field spot under some conditions.

A scheme employing a lens array and the technique of smoothing by spectral dispersion is presented for uniform irradiation on targets in inertial confinement fusion. Quasi-near field spots with a profile of sharp edge and flat top can be obtained with a diffraction-weakened lens array, while the speckles imposed on the spot by beamlets interference can be smoothed by spectral dispersion. Simulation results indicate that this scheme is a good candidate for improving the irradiation uniformity. The dependence of the smoothing performance on the characteristics of phase modulation and dispersion is further discussed, and it is found that parameters of the system of spectral dispersion and lens array must be chosen carefully to make optimal compromise between uniformity and usable energy of the laser beam.