激光剥蚀电感耦合等离子体质谱(LA-ICP-MS)是原位微区元素含量和同位素比值分析测试的主流技术, 已被广泛应用于地球科学等相关领域。 飞秒激光剥蚀系统由于其极短的激光脉宽大大降低甚至消除了传统纳秒激光剥蚀产生的热效应导致的元素分馏问题, 在非基体匹配分析等方面显示出巨大发展潜力, 已成为当前LA-ICP-MS技术的一个新的发展趋势和研究热点。 介绍了飞秒激光剥蚀系统的基本特征(飞秒激光及产生原理、 当前商用飞秒激光器种类), 重点阐述了飞秒激光剥蚀地球科学样品的机理(样品对激光能量的吸收方式、 气溶胶的产生和粒度分布特征、 剥蚀坑的形貌特征等), 评述了飞秒激光剥蚀在改善分析性能方面的独特优势, 最后总结了近十几年来它在地球科学样品元素含量和同位素比值分析中的实际应用, 并展望了该技术的应用前景。

Laser ablation-inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (LA-ICP-MS) has become one of the major techniques for in situ microanalysis of element and isotopic compositions in earth science and other related fields. Because of the extraordinary short pulse width of femtosecond laser, thermal effect induced elemental fractionations that limit the usage of traditional nanosecond laser ablation are significantly reduced or eliminated in terms of femtosecond laser ablation analyses. There is an increasing trend of developing femtosecond laser ablation analytical technique and its application in earth sciences. In this review, the basic properties of femtosecond laser ablation system (the features and generation of femtosecond laser, the different femtosecond systems) are introduced, the ablation mechanisms of femtosecond laser on geological samples were discussed with emphasis on the way of samples absorbing the laser energy, the generation and distribution of different aerosol particles, the features of ablation pits, and the unique advantages of femtosecond laser ablation. The applications of fs-LA-ICP-MS technique concerning elements and isotope analyses of geological samples over the past ten years are also studied. At last, the prospects of this technique are viewed.