光子筛作为一种新兴的纳米成像器件,具有分辨力高、体积小、重量轻、易复制等优点,被广泛地应用到纳米光刻、大型天文望远镜、航空航天摄像等领域。为了追求高分辨力,须将光子筛的小孔直径做得非常小,但当光子筛的小孔直径远小于入射光波波长时,标量衍射理论已不再成立,必须采用矢量衍射理论来进行光子筛的设计。利用矢量衍射理论建立了光子筛的衍射模型,并基于此模型进行了光子筛结构的设计与优化。为了考察模型的有效性,进行了数值模拟。数值模拟结果表明,基于矢量衍射模型设计的光子筛的聚焦性能良好;在近场区,标量衍射模型不再适用,而矢量衍射模型却能较好地满足设计要求。

As a rising nano-scale imaging apparatus,photon sieve has been widely used in nano-lithography,large astronomical telescope,aviation vidicon et.al for its following merit:high resolution,small bulk,low weight and easy replication. To pursue high resolution,the diameter of pinholes of photon sieve should be very small,even less than the wavelength of incidence light,but scalar diffraction theory is no longer valid for this condition. So vector diffraction theory must be used. The diffraction model is built based on vector diffraction theory,then design and optimize the structure of photon sieves. To review the validity of this model,numerical simulation has been done. The results show that the focusing performance of photon sieves designed by the vector diffraction theory is good; In near field,the vector diffraction theory model satisfies the design requirement while the scalar diffraction theory is not valid.