快速准确的金属离子检测是涉及多个学科领域及检测技术的研究课题, 文章综述了液体电极等离子体发射光谱技术在金属离子检测领域的研究及应用。 首先介绍了基于电化学原理的电极法, 包括离子选择性电极及阳极溶出法, 及基于原子吸收或发射光谱等检测金属离子常用方法技术的原理及优缺点； 然后阐述了基于等离子体的液体电极光谱技术的原理及特点, 包括等离子体的产生机理、 光谱特点以及其检测技术的优势； 并按照液态电极数目及放电系统结构分成单液态电极及双液态电极放电系统两类, 重点介绍了液态电极发射光谱技术的发展历程及研究进展, 其中详细说明了ELCAD、 SCGD、 LS-APGD及毛细管放电等电解质放电系统的结构及特点； 利用液态电极等离子体发射光谱技术, 对铜、 汞、 银等重金属以及钠、 钾、 镁等活泼金属离子的检测限可达μg?L-1。 最后探讨了该技术应用于检测金属离子的优势及存在的问题, 并展望了其应用前景。

The fast and precise detection of metal ion is an important research project concerning studies in diverse academic fields and different kinds of detecting technologies. In the present paper, the authors review the research on atomic emission spectrum based on liquid electrode discharge and its applications in the detection of metal ion. In the first part of this paper the principles and characteristics of the methods based on electrochemistry and spectroscopy were introduced. The methods of ion-selective electrode (ISE), anodic stripping voltammetry, atomic emission spectrum and atomic absorption spectrum were included in this part and discussed comparatively. Then the principles and characteristics of liquid electrode spectra for metal ion detection were introduced. The mechanism of the plasma production and the characteristics of the plasma spectrum as well as its advantages compared with other methods were discussed. Secondly, the authors divided the discharge system into two types and named them single liquid-electrode discharge and double-liquid electrode respectively, according to the number of the liquid electrode and the configuration of the discharge system, and the development as well as the present research status of each type was illustrated. Then the characteristics and configurations of the discharge systems including ECGD, SCGD, LS-APGD and capillary discharge were discussed in detail as examples of the two types. By taking advantage of the technology of atomic emission spectrum based on liquid electrode discharge, the detecting limit of heave metals such as copper, mercury and argent as well as active metal ions including sodium, potass and magnesium can achieve μg?L-1. Finally, the advantages and problems of the liquid-electrode discharge applied in detection of metal ion were discussed. And the applications of the atomic emission spectrum based on liquid electrode discharge were prospected.