分析了基于锥面衍射的双光栅光谱合成系统的可行性，设计了激光入射角为Littrow角附近的双多层介质膜（MLD）光栅光谱合成系统，开展了两路合成实验。当入射极角等于自准直入射角，入射方位角为6°时，光栅衍射效率近似等于光束自准直入射时的衍射效率。基于锥面衍射原理，对中心波长为1050.24 nm和1064.33 nm的两束光纤激光子束进行合成，入射极角为43.99°，测得合成效率为92.9%，较基于非锥面衍射的双光栅光谱合成系统的合成效率提高了8.8%；测得合成光斑光束质量M_x²＝1.204，M_y²＝1.467，与基于非锥面衍射的双光栅光谱合成系统输出光斑光束质量基本一致。

The feasibility of realizing high efficiency spectral beam combining with multilayer dielectric (MLD) gratings based on conical diffraction was analyzed. The spectral beam combining approach was designed with the incident polar angle nearly equals to the Littrow angle based on the conical diffraction theory and two unit beams were experimentally combined. The experimental results indicate that, the diffraction efficiency nearly did not change in the case of conical diffraction when θ was constant and $ \varphi $＝6°. The combining efficiency of the output beam which was composited by two unit beams (wavelength equals to 1050.24 nm and 1064.33 nm respectively) with incident polar angle θ of 43.99° was 92.9%, 8.8% higher than that of approach based on non-conical diffraction. The beam quality factor after combining were M_x²＝1.204 and M_y²＝1.467, which were almost equivalent to that of approach based on non-conical diffraction.