[1] 张小红. 机载激光雷达测量技术理论与方法[M]. 武汉: 武汉大学出版社, 2007.

    Zhang XH. Airborne LiDAR measure technique theory and method[M]. Wuhan: Wuhan University, 2007.

[2] 李德仁, 王艳军, 邵振峰. 新地理信息时代的信息化测绘[J]. 武汉大学学报(信息科学版), 2012, 3(1): 1-6.

    Li D R, Wang Y J, Shao Z F. Geo-information of new geographic information era[J]. Geomatics and Information Science of Wuhan University, 2012, 3(1): 1-6.

[3] 惠振阳, 胡友健. 基于LiDAR数字高程模型构建的数学形态学滤波方法综述[J]. 激光与光电子学进展, 2016, 53(8): 080001.

    Hui Z Y, Hu Y J. Review on morphological filtering algorithms based on LiDAR digital elevation model construction[J]. Laser & Optoelectronics Progress, 2016, 53(8): 080001.

[4] 黄作维, 刘峰, 胡光伟. 基于多尺度虚拟格网的LiDAR点云数据滤波改进方法[J]. 光学学报, 2017, 37(8): 0828004.

    Huang Z W, Liu F, Hu G W. Improved method for LiDAR point cloud data filtering based on hierarchical pseudo-grid[J]. Acta Optica Sinica, 2017, 37(8): 0828004.

[5] 程效军, 程小龙, 胡敏捷, 等. 融合航空影像和LIDAR点云的建筑物探测及轮廓提取[J]. 中国激光, 2016, 43(5): 0514002.

    Cheng X J, Cheng X L, Hu M J, et al. Buildings detection and contour extraction by fusion of aerial images and LIDAR point cloud[J]. Chinese Journal of Lasers, 2016, 43(5): 0514002.

[6] 林祥国, 宁晓刚, 段敏燕, 等. 分层随机抽样的单档电力线LiDAR点云聚类方法[J]. 测绘科学, 2017, 42(4): 1-11.

    Lin X G, Ning X G, Duan M Y, et al. Clustering of airborne LiDAR point cloud of 3D powerline reconstruction in a span using stratified sampling[J]. Science of Surveying and Mapping, 2017, 42(4): 1-11.

[7] 赵宗泽, 张永军. 基于植被指数限制分水岭算法的机载激光点云建筑物提取[J]. 光学学报, 2016, 36(10): 1028002.

    Zhao Z Z, Zhang Y J. Building extraction from airborne laser point cloud using NDVI constrained watershed algorithm[J]. Acta Optica Sinica, 2016, 36(10): 1028002.

[8] 杨威, 万幼川, 何培培. 张量投票的机载LiDAR数据建筑物自动提取[J]. 测绘科学, 2016, 41(9): 7-10.

    Yang W, Wan Y C, He P P. Automated detection of building region from airborne LiDAR data based on tensor voting[J]. Science of Surveying and Mapping, 2016, 41(9): 7-10.

[9] 程效军, 郭王, 李泉, 等. 基于强度与颜色信息的地面LiDAR点云联合分类方法[J]. 中国激光, 2017, 44(10): 1010007.

    Cheng X J, Guo W, Li Q, et al. Joint classification method for terrestrial LiDAR point cloud based on intensity and color information[J]. Chinese Journal of Lasers, 2017, 44(10): 1010007.

[10] 张爱武, 肖涛, 段乙好. 一种机载LiDAR点云分类的自适应特征选择方法[J]. 激光与光电子学进展, 2016, 53(8): 082802.

    Zhang A W, Xiao T, Duan Y H. A method of adaptive feature selection for airborne LiDAR point cloud classification[J]. Laser & Optoelectronics Progress, 2016, 53(8): 082802.

[11] Sithole G, Vosselman G. Experimental comparison of filter algorithms for bare-earth extraction from airborne laser scanning point clouds[J]. ISPRS Journal of Photogrammetry & Remote Sensing, 2004, 59(1/2): 85-101.

[12] Liu X Y. Airborne LiDAR for DEM generation: some critical issues[J]. Progress in Physical Geography, 2008, 32(1): 31-49.

[13] Meng X L, Currit N, Zhao K G. Ground filtering algorithms for airborne LiDAR data: a review of critical issues[J]. Remote Sensing, 2010, 2(3): 833-860.

[14] Vosselman G. Slope based filtering of laser altimetry data[J]. International Archives of Photogrammetry & Remote Sensing, 2000, 33: 935-942.

[15] Sithole G. Filtering of laser altimetry data using slope adaptive filter[J]. International Archives of Photogrammetry & Remote Sensing, 2001, 3: 203-210.

[16] Susaki J. Adaptiveslope filtering of airborne LiDAR data in urban areas for digital terrain model (DTM) generation[J]. Remote Sensing, 2012, 4(12): 1804-1819.

[17] 张皓, 贾新梅, 张永生, 等. 基于虚拟网格与改进坡度滤波算法的机载LIDAR数据滤波[J]. 测绘科学技术学报, 2009, 26(3): 224-227.

    Zhang H, Jia X M, Zhang Y S, et al. Filtering of airborne LiDAR data based on pseudo-grid concept and modified slope filtering algorithm[J]. Journal of Geomatics Science and Technology, 2009, 26(3): 224-227.

[18] Zhang K Q, Chen S C, Whitman D, et al. A progressive morphological filter for removing nonground measurements from airborne LIDAR data[J]. IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing, 2003, 41(4): 872-882.

[19] 张永军, 吴磊, 林立文, 等. 基于LiDAR数据和航空影像的水体自动提取[J]. 武汉大学学报(信息科学版), 2010, 35(8): 936-940.

    Zhang Y J, Wu L, Lin L W, et al. Automatic water body extraction based on LiDAR data and aerial images[J]. Geomatics and Information Science of Wuhan University, 2010, 35(8): 936-940.

[20] 董保根, 秦志远, 朱传新, 等. 关于机载LiDAR点云数据形态学滤波的几点思考[J]. 测绘科学, 2013, 38(4): 19-21.

    Dong B G, Qin Z Y, Zhu C X, et al. Perspectives of morphological filtering for airborne LiDAR point clouds data[J]. Science of Surveying and Mapping, 2013, 38(4): 19-21.

[21] 李鹏程, 王慧, 刘志青, 等. 一种基于扫描线的数学形态学LiDAR点云滤波方法[J]. 测绘科学技术学报, 2011, 28(4): 274-277.

    Li P C, Wang H, Liu Z Q, et al. A morphological LiDAR points cloud filtering method based on scan lines[J]. Journal of Geomatics Science and Technology, 2011, 28(4): 274-277.

[22] Chen Q. Improvement of the edge-based morphological (EM) method for LiDAR data filtering[J]. International Journal of Remote Sensing, 2009, 30(4): 1069-1074.

[23] 李峰, 崔希民, 袁德宝, 等. 改进坡度的LiDAR点云形态学滤波算法[J]. 大地测量与地球动力学, 2012, 32(5): 128-132.

    Li F, Cui X M, Yuan D B, et al. Slope improved morphological filtering algorithm for LiDAR point clouds[J]. Journal of Geodesy and Geodynamics, 2012, 32(5): 128-132.

[24] Chen D. ZhangL Q, Wang Z, et al. A mathematical morphology-based multi-level filter of LiDAR data for generating DTMs[J]. Science China Information Sciences, 2013, 56(10): 1-14.

[25] 谷延超, 范东明, 余彪, 等. 基于形态学与区域生长的机载LiDAR点云数据滤波[J]. 大地测量与地球动力学, 2015, 35(5): 811-815.

    Gu Y C, Fan D M, Yu B, et al. Filtering of airborne LiDAR point cloud data based on mathematical morphology and region growing[J]. Journal of Geodesy and Geodynamics, 2015, 35(5): 811-815.

[26] Hui Z Y, Hu Y J, Yevenyo Y Z, et al. An improved morphological algorithm for filtering airborne LiDAR point cloud based on multi-level kriging interpolation[J]. Remote Sensing, 2016, 8(1): 35.

[27] Kraus K, Pfeifer N. Determination of terrain models in wooded areas with airborne laser scanner data[J]. ISPRS Journal of Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing, 1998, 53(4): 193-203.

[28] Mongus D, Žalik B. Parameter-free ground filtering of LiDAR data for automatic DTM generation[J]. ISPRS Journal of Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing, 2012, 67: 1-12.

[29] Chen C F, Li Y Y, Li W, et al. A multiresolution hierarchical classification algorithm for filtering airborne LiDAR data[J]. ISPRS Journal of Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing, 2013, 82: 1-9.

[30] Hu H, Ding Y L, Zhu Q, et al. An adaptive surface filter for airborne laser scanning point clouds by means of regularization and bending energy[J]. ISPRS Journal of Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing, 2014, 92(2): 98-111.

[31] Axelsson P. DEM generation from laser scanner data using adaptive TIN models[J]. International Archives of Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing, 2000, 33(B4/1): 110-117.

[32] Zhang J X, Lin X G. Filtering airborne LiDAR data by embedding smoothness-constrained segmentation in progressive TIN densification[J]. ISPRS Journal of Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing, 2013, 81: 44-59.

[33] 隋立春, 张熠斌, 张硕, 等. 基于渐进三角网的机载LiDAR点云数据滤波[J]. 武汉大学学报(信息科学版), 2011, 36(10): 1159-1163.

    Sui L C, Zhang Y B, Zhang S, et al. Filtering of airborne LiDAR point cloud data based on progressive TIN[J]. Geomatics and Information Science of Wuhan University, 2011, 36(10): 1159-1163.

[34] 高广, 马洪超, 张良, 等. 顾及地形断裂线的LiDAR点云滤波方法研究[J]. 武汉大学学报(信息科学版), 2015, 40(4): 474-478.

    Gao G, Ma H C, Zhang L, et al. A ground filtering algorithm for airborne LiDAR in consideration of terrain break lines[J]. Geomatics and Information Science of Wuhan University, 2015, 40(4): 474-478.

[35] 吴芳, 张宗贵, 郭兆成, 等. 基于机载LiDAR点云滤波的矿区DEM构建方法[J]. 国土资源遥感, 2015, 27(1): 62-67.

    Wu F, Zhang Z G, Guo Z C, et al. Method of deriving DEM in the mining area based on filtering of airborne LiDAR data[J]. Remote Sensing for Land & Resources, 2015, 27(1): 62-67.

[36] Chen Q, Wang H, Zhang H C, et al. A point cloud filtering approach to generating DTMs for steep mountainous areas and adjacent residential areas[J]. Remote Sensing, 2016, 8(1): 71.

[37] Lin X G, Zhang J X. Segmentation-based filtering of airborne LiDAR point clouds by progressive densification of terrain segments[J]. Remote Sensing, 2014, 6(2): 1294-1326.

[38] TóváriD, PfeiferN. Segmentation based robust interpolation - a new approach to laser data filtering[C]. Proceedings of the ISPRS Workshop Laser Scanning, 2005, 36( Part 3/W19): 79- 84.

[39] Chen CF, Li YY, Yan CQ, et al. An improved multi-resolution hierarchical classification method based on robust segmentation for filtering ALS point clouds[J]. International Journal of Remote Sensing, 37( 4): 950- 968.

[40] Lu W L, Murphy K P, Little J J, et al. A hybrid conditional random field for estimating the underlying ground surface from airborne LiDAR data[J]. IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing, 2009, 47(8): 2913-2922.

[41] Jahromiali A B. Zoej M J V, Mohammadzadeh A, et al. A novel filtering algorithm for bare-earth extraction from airborne laser scanning data using an artificial neural network[J]. IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Applied Earth Observations and Remote Sensing, 2011, 4(4): 836-843.

[42] Hu X Y, Yuan Y. Deep-learning-based classification for DTM extraction from ALS point cloud[J]. Remote Sensing, 2016, 8(9): 730.