针对遥感偏振探测过程中获取的偏振信息与目标真实偏振信息存在差异的问题，探讨了遥感偏振成像系统的3类系统误差源对偏振二向反射分布函数、偏振度和偏振相角测量精度的影响，建立了遥感偏振探测误差分析模型。分析了起偏器角度定位误差对斯托克斯参量测量的影响，通过数值模拟研究了起偏器角度定位对偏振探测精度的影响；依据遥感偏振探测的地物空间间隔和成像CCD 分辨率分析了空间视场重合误差对偏振二向分布函数分量的影响；分析了成像系统的光子噪声等固有系统误差对偏振探测结果的影响；根据误差的传递原则对3类误差源导致的测量误差进行了合成，进一步推导出线偏振度和偏振相角总误差模型。实验分析表明，该遥感偏振探测误差模型能真实反映偏振探测系统误差源对偏振二向反射分布函数测量精度的影响。

According to the discrepancy between the measured polarization information obtained from polarization remote sensing detection and the real polarization information, the measuring accuracy of the polarimatric bidirectional reflectance distribution function (BRDF), the polarization degree and the polarization phase angle can be affected by three system error sources in polarization remote imaging system, which is discussed. The error analysis model of polarization remote sensing detection is established. The influence of polarizer angle positioning error on measuring Stokes parameters is analyzed, and the influence of polarizer angle orientation on polarization detection accuracy is numerically simulated; based on the feature space interval of polarization remote sensing detection and the resolution ratio of the imaging CCD, the influence of the visual field space coincidence error on BRDF is discussed; then the influence of photon noise of imaging system and other inherent systematic errors on polarization detection results is analyzed. According to error transfer principle, the measuring errors caused by three error sources are compounded, and the general error model with respect to linear polarization degree and polarization phase angle is derived. Experiments show the error model of polarization remote sensing detection can truly reflect the influence of polarization detection system error sources on measuring accuracy of BRDF.