回归自然: 人造岩石固化核素的思考与进展 
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Radionuclides from Nature to Nature: Recent Progress in Immobilization of High Level Nuclear Wastes in SYNROC
1 西南科技大学 核废物与环境安全省部共建协同创新中心, 绵阳 621010
2 西华师范大学 物理与空间科学学院, 南充 637002
3 四川轻化工大学 材料科学与工程学院, 自贡 643000
图 & 表
表 1
几种人造岩石固化体的化学成分
Table1.
几种人造岩石固化体的化学成分
| SYNROC | Component mass fraction/% | Waste package capacity/% |
|---|
| TiO2 | UO2 | ZrO2 | Al2O3 | SiO2 | BaO | CaO |
|---|
| SYNROC-B | 74.1 | - | 6.6 | 5.4 | - | 5.6 | 11.0 | - | | SYNROC-C | 57.1 | - | 5.4 | 4.4 | - | 4.4 | 8.9 | 30.0 | | SYNROC-D | 18.8 | - | 6.6 | - | 6.6 | - | 5.3 | 62.7~65.0 | | SYNROC-E | 87.6 | - | 3.0 | - | - | - | 2.2 | 7.0 | | SYNROC-F | 40.6 | 47.6 | - | 0.9 | 1.1 | 9.5 | - | 50.0 |
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表 2
辐照损伤的试验研究方法
Table2.
辐照损伤的试验研究方法
| Irradiation method | Experimental program | Advantage | Disadvantage |
|---|
| Ion irradiation | Heavy ion beam bombardment | Irradiation damage at low level | Suppress vacancy defects | | Electron irradiation | Accelerated voltage induction | Observe defect formation | Complex and expensive equipment | | Neutron irradiation | Reactor irradiation | Large dosage, short time | Difficult to control temperature and dosage |
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表 3
高放废物不同固化方法
Table3.
高放废物不同固化方法
| SYNROC | Typical components | Density/(g·cm-3) | Strength | Long-term stability | Package capacity/wt% | Thermal conductivity /(W·m-1·℃-1) | Leaching rate /(g·cm-2·d-1) |
|---|
| Calcined product | CaF2Al2O3ZrO2 | 1.0-1.7 | Powder | Unstable | High | 0.13-0.20 | 0.1-10 | | Borosilicate glass | SiO2B2O3Na2OAl2O3 | 2.5-2.8 | Hard and brittle | Yellow phase is formed, and there is a tendency to crystallize | 15-30 | 1.00-1.50 | 10-6-10-4 | | Phosphate glass | P2O5Al2O3Na2O | 2.5-3.0 | Hard and brittle | Large tendency to crystallize | 15-30 | 1.00-1.50 | 10-5-10-3 | | Synroc | TiO2ZrO2CaOAl2O3BaO | 4.0-5.8 | Hard | Stable | 15-30 | 2.50-3.50 | 10-8-10-5 |
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段涛, 丁艺, 罗世淋, 张胜泰, 刘建. 回归自然: 人造岩石固化核素的思考与进展[J]. 无机材料学报, 2021, 36(1): 25. Tao DUAN, Yi DING, Shilin LUO, Shengtai ZHANG, Jian LIU. Radionuclides from Nature to Nature: Recent Progress in Immobilization of High Level Nuclear Wastes in SYNROC[J]. Journal of Inorganic Materials, 2021, 36(1): 25.
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