短波接收天线系统核电磁脉冲注入试验

为评估高空核电磁脉冲（HEMP）对某型短波接收天线系统的威胁，对包含浪涌保护器在内的天线前端设备进行HEMP传导注入试验。采用纳秒级快前沿方波源和双指数波电流源，分别测试不同浪涌保护措施的快脉冲响应。结果表明，主要由于天线末端的气体放电管在高过压比下很快动作（1 ns量级）、信号浪涌保护器内瞬态电压抑制器（TVS）限幅、信号传输设备内放大器饱和限幅等多重作用，注入幅度约3.5 kV的快前沿方波、电流峰值1.8 kA的双指数波(20/500 ns)脉冲都能及时泄放，只在传输设备输出端产生一个幅度饱和（<3 V)、持续μs量级的干扰信号。对这一类低工作电压天线系统，利用基于市售浪涌保护器的多重防雷措施能够同时实现对核电磁脉冲传导环境的防护。

Abstract

To evaluate the threat of high-altitude electromagnetic pulse HEMP environment on a shortwave receiving antenna system, pulsed current injection tests for the front-end equipments near the antenna, including some commercial surge protection devices, have been conducted. Both a fast rise-time nanosecond square waveform pulser and a double exponential waveform pulser with high current output, are adopted to check the responses of various surge protection measures. Results show that three protection devices have played essential roles in preventing against HEMP conducted disturbance. Firstly a gas discharge tube at the end of the whip antenna breaks down within a few nanoseconds, since it suffers an overvoltage much higher than its nominal DC breakdown voltage. Then a transient voltage suppressor (TVS) in the commercial signal surge protection device also responses quickly to clamp the line voltage. And the amplifiers in the signal transmission equipments also limit the residual voltage of the disturbance propagating forward, as they are readily to enter the saturation mode under excess inputs. Therefore, the system can withstand either a fast rise-time nanosecond square waveform pulse with an voltage amplitude of 3.5 kV, or a double exponential (20/500 ns) waveform current pulse with an amplitude of 1.8 kA. The only effect is that the latter signal transmission equipment outputs a disturbance signal with a saturated amplitude (< 3 V) which lasts for several microseconds. This implies that , when combining the selected commercial surge protection devices properly, it is practicable to protect similar low working voltage antenna systems against both lightning electromagnetic pulse and HEMP.

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吴刚, 乐波, 杨雨枫, 王海洋, 崔志同, 彭磊, 吴伟, 陈伟. 短波接收天线系统核电磁脉冲注入试验[J]. 强激光与粒子束, 2019, 31(9): 093205. Wu Gang, Yue Bo, Yang Yufeng, Wang Haiyang, Cui Zhitong, Peng Lei, Wu Wei, Chen Wei. High-altitude electromagnetic pulse survivability test study on shortwave receiving antenna system by pulsed current injection[J]. High Power Laser and Particle Beams, 2019, 31(9): 093205.

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