空气激光:强场新效应和远程探测新技术

姚金平; 程亚

doi:doi:10.3788/CJL202047.0500005

中国激光, 2020, 47 (5): 0500005, 网络出版: 2020-05-12

空气激光:强场新效应和远程探测新技术下载： 2979次内封面文章特邀综述

Air Lasing: Novel Effects in Strong Laser Fields and New Technology in Remote Sensing

姚金平 ^1,2,*程亚 ^1,2,3,**

作者单位

¹ 中国科学院上海光学精密机械研究所强场激光物理国家重点实验室, 上海 201800

² 中国科学院超强激光科学卓越创新中心, 上海 201800

³ 华东师范大学精密光谱科学与技术国家重点实验室, 上海 200062

图 & 表

图 1. 氧原子激光的产生机制与基本特性^[22]。(a) 226 nm紫外皮秒激光驱动产生氧原子激光的示意图;(b)背向采集的氧原子激光光谱,插图为背向氧原子激光的远场光斑;(c)背向相干辐射与4π立体角积分的侧向非相干辐射的比较

Fig. 1. Generation mechanism and basic properties of oxygen atomic lasing^[22]. (a) Schematic of oxygen atomic lasing pumped by a 226 nm ultraviolet picosecond laser; (b) the spectrum of oxygen atomic lasing measured from backward direction along the pump laser propagation path, and the inset shows the far-field profile of backward oxygen atomic lasing; (c) the backward coherent emission versus the side incoherent emission integrated over the solid angle

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图 2. 激发态氩原子碰撞激发产生的氮分子激光^[29]。(a)激发态氩原子碰撞激发产生氮分子激光的能级图;(b) 3.9 μm激光脉冲在0.1 MPa氮气中产生的荧光光谱,这些辐射对应氮分子从C态到B态不同振动能级的跃迁;(c) 3.9 μm激光脉冲在0.1 MPa氮气和0.5 MPa氩气的混合气体中产生的背向氮分子激光光谱

Fig. 2. N₂ lasing produced by collisional excitation of excited argon atoms^[29]. (a) Energy-level diagram of N₂ lasing produced by the collisional excitation of excited argon atoms (Ar^*); (b) spectrum of fluorescence from the 0.1 MPa nitrogen gas induced by 3.9 μm laser pulses, these radiations correspond to the electronic transition from C state to B state of nitrogen molecules, and the corresponding vibrational levels a

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图 3. 电子碰撞激发产生的氮分子激光。(a)氮分子B态和C态的电子碰撞激发截面,阴影区表示可以产生粒子数反转的电子能量区域^[64];(b) 9.3 mJ、800 nm飞秒激光脉冲驱动产生的背向337 nm辐射的强度随四分之一波片角度的变化,0°、90°、180°、270°对应线偏振光,45°、135°、225°、315°对应圆偏振光^[30];(c) 10 J、10 ps、 1053 nm激光脉冲驱动产生的前向337 nm辐射,插图为泵浦光三次谐波的远场光斑^[31];(d) 8 mJ、3.9 μm飞秒激光脉冲驱动产生的前向337 nm辐射,插图为337 nm辐射的远场光斑^[60]

Fig. 3. N₂ lasing produced by electron impact excitation. (a) Electron impact excitation cross sections for B state and C state of N₂ molecules, electrons residing in the shaded region are capable of producing population inversion^[64]; (b) backward emission at 337 nm induced by the 9.3 mJ and 800 nm femtosecond laser pulses as a function of the angle of the quarter wave plate, angles 0°, 90°, 180°, 270° correspond to the linearly po

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图 4. 中红外飞秒激光脉冲驱动产生的 $\begin{matrix} N_{2}^{+} \end{matrix}$ 激光。(a)中红外飞秒激光脉冲激发空气分子产生的不同波长的 $\begin{matrix} \end{matrix}$
Fig. 4. $\begin{matrix} N_{2}^{+} \end{matrix}$ lasing driven by mid-infrared femtosecond laser pulses. (a) Multi-wavelength $\begin{matrix} \end{matrix}$

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图 5. 800 nm(泵浦)和400 nm(探测)飞秒激光脉冲诱导的 $\begin{matrix} N_{2}^{+} \end{matrix}$ 激光。(a) $\begin{matrix} \end{matrix}$
Fig. 5. $\begin{matrix} N_{2}^{+} \end{matrix}$ lasing induced by 800 nm (pump) and 400 nm (probe) femtosecond laser pulses. (a) Schematic for generating
下载图片  查看原文

图 6. 在800 nm激光场作用下, $\begin{matrix} N_{2}^{+} \end{matrix}$ 三个电子态(X态、A态、B态)的布居随时间的演化^[51]。 (a)考虑X-A耦合得到的结果;(b)不考虑X-A耦合得到的结果

Fig. 6. Dynamic evolution of the populations in three electronic states of $\begin{matrix} N_{2}^{+} \end{matrix}$ (i.e., X, A and B) driven by the 800 nm laser pulses^[51]. (a) With X-A coup

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图 7. 800 nm飞秒激光脉冲在氮分子离子中建立粒子数反转的示意图^[43]

Fig. 7. Schematic for establishing population inversion in molecular nitrogen ions with 800 nm femtosecond laser pulses^[43]

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图 8. 基于瞬时电离耦合模型计算的 $\begin{matrix} N_{2}^{+} \end{matrix}$ 布居演化^[52]。 (a)强激光场中氮分子和氮分子离子的超快动力学过程;(b)只考虑电离与同时考虑电离和耦合两种情况下, $\begin{matrix} N_{2}^{+} \end{matrix}$ ions calculated with the transient ionization-coupling model^[52]. (a) Schematic for study

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图 9. 近红外(800 nm)和中红外(1580 nm)激光共同泵浦产生的 $\begin{matrix} N_{2}^{+} \end{matrix}$ 激光^[53]。(a)近红外和中红外激光共同泵浦产生的
Fig. 9. $\begin{matrix} N_{2}^{+} \end{matrix}$ lasing produced by near-infrared (800 nm) and mid-infrared (1580 nm) pump lasers^[53]. (a)

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图 10. $\begin{matrix} N_{2}^{+} \end{matrix}$ 激光的相干控制。(a) 800 nm和400 nm飞秒激光与 $\begin{matrix} \end{matrix}$

Fig. 10. Coherent control of $\begin{matrix} N_{2}^{+} \end{matrix}$ lasing. (a) Schematic of a V-type three-level quantum system created in $\begin{matrix} \end{matrix}$

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图 11. 氮分子离子中的共振非线性光学效应。(a) 1580 nm泵浦激光在氮气中产生的紫外辐射谱随气压的变化^[56];(b)在相同的条件下,2 kPa氮气和2 kPa氩气产生的紫外辐射谱的对比^[56];(c)在1580 nm泵浦激光激发的 $\begin{matrix} N_{2}^{+} \end{matrix} <$

Fig. 11. Resonant nonlinear optical effects in nitrogen molecular ions. (a) Ultraviolet spectra in the nitrogen gas excited by the 1580 nm pump laser as a function of gas pressures^[56]; (b) the comparison of ultraviolet spectra from the 2-kPa nitrogen gas and 20-kPa argon gas in the same conditions^[56]; (c) measured probe spectra as a function of the pump-probe delay when injecting an ultraviolet probe las

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图 12. 利用 $\begin{matrix} N_{2}^{+} \end{matrix}$ 激光产生的高阶拉曼散射^[42]。(a)利用 $\begin{matrix} \begin{matrix} N_{2}^{+} \end{matrix} \end{matrix}$ lasing^[42]. (a) Schematic of the experimental setup for high-order Raman scattering produced with
下载图片  查看原文

姚金平, 程亚. 空气激光:强场新效应和远程探测新技术[J]. 中国激光, 2020, 47(5): 0500005. Jinping Yao, Ya Cheng. Air Lasing: Novel Effects in Strong Laser Fields and New Technology in Remote Sensing[J]. Chinese Journal of Lasers, 2020, 47(5): 0500005.

空气激光:强场新效应和远程探测新技术下载： 2979次内封面文章特邀综述

图 1. 氧原子激光的产生机制与基本特性^[22]。(a) 226 nm紫外皮秒激光驱动产生氧原子激光的示意图;(b)背向采集的氧原子激光光谱,插图为背向氧原子激光的远场光斑;(c)背向相干辐射与4π立体角积分的侧向非相干辐射的比较

Fig. 4. $\begin{matrix} N_{2}^{+} \end{matrix}$ lasing driven by mid-infrared femtosecond laser pulses. (a) Multi-wavelength $\begin{matrix} \end{matrix}$

Fig. 5. $\begin{matrix} N_{2}^{+} \end{matrix}$ lasing induced by 800 nm (pump) and 400 nm (probe) femtosecond laser pulses. (a) Schematic for generating
下载图片  查看原文

图 6. 在800 nm激光场作用下, $\begin{matrix} N_{2}^{+} \end{matrix}$ 三个电子态(X态、A态、B态)的布居随时间的演化^[51]。 (a)考虑X-A耦合得到的结果;(b)不考虑X-A耦合得到的结果

Fig. 6. Dynamic evolution of the populations in three electronic states of $\begin{matrix} N_{2}^{+} \end{matrix}$ (i.e., X, A and B) driven by the 800 nm laser pulses^[51]. (a) With X-A coup

图 7. 800 nm飞秒激光脉冲在氮分子离子中建立粒子数反转的示意图^[43]

Fig. 7. Schematic for establishing population inversion in molecular nitrogen ions with 800 nm femtosecond laser pulses^[43]

Fig. 9. $\begin{matrix} N_{2}^{+} \end{matrix}$ lasing produced by near-infrared (800 nm) and mid-infrared (1580 nm) pump lasers^[53]. (a)

图 10. $\begin{matrix} N_{2}^{+} \end{matrix}$ 激光的相干控制。(a) 800 nm和400 nm飞秒激光与 $\begin{matrix} \end{matrix}$

Fig. 10. Coherent control of $\begin{matrix} N_{2}^{+} \end{matrix}$ lasing. (a) Schematic of a V-type three-level quantum system created in $\begin{matrix} \end{matrix}$

图 12. 利用 $\begin{matrix} N_{2}^{+} \end{matrix}$ 激光产生的高阶拉曼散射^[42]。(a)利用 $\begin{matrix} \begin{matrix} N_{2}^{+} \end{matrix} \end{matrix}$ lasing^[42]. (a) Schematic of the experimental setup for high-order Raman scattering produced with
下载图片  查看原文

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空气激光:强场新效应和远程探测新技术 下载： 2979次内封面文章特邀综述

图 1. 氧原子激光的产生机制与基本特性[22]。(a) 226 nm紫外皮秒激光驱动产生氧原子激光的示意图;(b)背向采集的氧原子激光光谱,插图为背向氧原子激光的远场光斑;(c)背向相干辐射与4π立体角积分的侧向非相干辐射的比较

图 4. 中红外飞秒激光脉冲驱动产生的N2+激光。(a)中红外飞秒激光脉冲激发空气分子产生的不同波长的Fig. 4. N2+ lasing driven by mid-infrared femtosecond laser pulses. (a) Multi-wavelength

Fig. 4. N2+ lasing driven by mid-infrared femtosecond laser pulses. (a) Multi-wavelength

图 5. 800 nm(泵浦)和400 nm(探测)飞秒激光脉冲诱导的N2+激光。(a) Fig. 5. N2+ lasing induced by 800 nm (pump) and 400 nm (probe) femtosecond laser pulses. (a) Schematic for generating 下载图片 查看原文

Fig. 5. N2+ lasing induced by 800 nm (pump) and 400 nm (probe) femtosecond laser pulses. (a) Schematic for generating 下载图片 查看原文

图 6. 在800 nm激光场作用下,N2+三个电子态(X态、A态、B态)的布居随时间的演化[51]。 (a)考虑X-A耦合得到的结果;(b)不考虑X-A耦合得到的结果

Fig. 6. Dynamic evolution of the populations in three electronic states of N2+ (i.e., X, A and B) driven by the 800 nm laser pulses[51]. (a) With X-A coup

图 7. 800 nm飞秒激光脉冲在氮分子离子中建立粒子数反转的示意图[43]

Fig. 7. Schematic for establishing population inversion in molecular nitrogen ions with 800 nm femtosecond laser pulses[43]

图 8. 基于瞬时电离耦合模型计算的N2+布居演化[52]。 (a)强激光场中氮分子和氮分子离子的超快动力学过程;(b)只考虑电离与同时考虑电离和耦合两种情况下,N2+ ions calculated with the transient ionization-coupling model[52]. (a) Schematic for study

图 9. 近红外(800 nm)和中红外(1580 nm)激光共同泵浦产生的N2+激光[53]。(a)近红外和中红外激光共同泵浦产生的Fig. 9. N2+ lasing produced by near-infrared (800 nm) and mid-infrared (1580 nm) pump lasers[53]. (a)

Fig. 9. N2+ lasing produced by near-infrared (800 nm) and mid-infrared (1580 nm) pump lasers[53]. (a)

图 10. N2+激光的相干控制。(a) 800 nm和400 nm飞秒激光与

Fig. 10. Coherent control of N2+ lasing. (a) Schematic of a V-type three-level quantum system created in

图 11. 氮分子离子中的共振非线性光学效应。(a) 1580 nm泵浦激光在氮气中产生的紫外辐射谱随气压的变化[56];(b)在相同的条件下,2 kPa氮气和2 kPa氩气产生的紫外辐射谱的对比[56];(c)在1580 nm泵浦激光激发的N2+<

图 12. 利用N2+激光产生的高阶拉曼散射[42]。(a)利用N2+ lasing[42]. (a) Schematic of the experimental setup for high-order Raman scattering produced with 下载图片 查看原文

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空气激光:强场新效应和远程探测新技术下载： 2979次内封面文章特邀综述

图 1. 氧原子激光的产生机制与基本特性^[22]。(a) 226 nm紫外皮秒激光驱动产生氧原子激光的示意图;(b)背向采集的氧原子激光光谱,插图为背向氧原子激光的远场光斑;(c)背向相干辐射与4π立体角积分的侧向非相干辐射的比较

Fig. 4. $\begin{matrix} N_{2}^{+} \end{matrix}$ lasing driven by mid-infrared femtosecond laser pulses. (a) Multi-wavelength $\begin{matrix} \end{matrix}$

Fig. 5. $\begin{matrix} N_{2}^{+} \end{matrix}$ lasing induced by 800 nm (pump) and 400 nm (probe) femtosecond laser pulses. (a) Schematic for generating
下载图片查看原文

图 6. 在800 nm激光场作用下, $\begin{matrix} N_{2}^{+} \end{matrix}$ 三个电子态(X态、A态、B态)的布居随时间的演化^[51]。 (a)考虑X-A耦合得到的结果;(b)不考虑X-A耦合得到的结果

Fig. 6. Dynamic evolution of the populations in three electronic states of $\begin{matrix} N_{2}^{+} \end{matrix}$ (i.e., X, A and B) driven by the 800 nm laser pulses^[51]. (a) With X-A coup

图 7. 800 nm飞秒激光脉冲在氮分子离子中建立粒子数反转的示意图^[43]

Fig. 7. Schematic for establishing population inversion in molecular nitrogen ions with 800 nm femtosecond laser pulses^[43]

Fig. 9. $\begin{matrix} N_{2}^{+} \end{matrix}$ lasing produced by near-infrared (800 nm) and mid-infrared (1580 nm) pump lasers^[53]. (a)

图 10. $\begin{matrix} N_{2}^{+} \end{matrix}$ 激光的相干控制。(a) 800 nm和400 nm飞秒激光与 $\begin{matrix} \end{matrix}$

Fig. 10. Coherent control of $\begin{matrix} N_{2}^{+} \end{matrix}$ lasing. (a) Schematic of a V-type three-level quantum system created in $\begin{matrix} \end{matrix}$

图 12. 利用 $\begin{matrix} N_{2}^{+} \end{matrix}$ 激光产生的高阶拉曼散射^[42]。(a)利用 $\begin{matrix} \begin{matrix} N_{2}^{+} \end{matrix} \end{matrix}$ lasing^[42]. (a) Schematic of the experimental setup for high-order Raman scattering produced with
下载图片查看原文