光纤激光器在金属增材制造中的应用进展及展望

杨永强; 吴世彪; 张越; 朱勇强

doi:doi:10.3788/CJL202047.0500012

中国激光, 2020, 47 (5): 0500012, 网络出版: 2020-05-12

光纤激光器在金属增材制造中的应用进展及展望下载： 1933次特邀综述

Application Progress and Prospect of Fiber Laser in Metal Additive Manufacturing

杨永强 ^*吴世彪张越朱勇强

作者单位

华南理工大学机械与汽车工程学院, 广东广州 510641

图 & 表

图 1. 激光金属增材制造典型系统原理图。(a)粉末床熔融增材制造系统;(b)定向能量沉积增减材复合制造系统

Fig. 1. Schematics of two typical laser additive manufacturing system for metal. (a) Powder bed fusion additive manufacturing system; (b) directed energy deposition additive and subtractive composite manufacturing system

下载图片查看原文

图 2. 光纤激光器原理及掺镱光纤^[19]。(a)光纤激光器系统;(b)单模及多模光纤;(c)掺镱光纤的吸收谱和发射谱

Fig. 2. Fiber laser principle and ytterbium-doped fiber^[19]. (a) Fiber laser system; (b) single-mode and multi-mode optical fibers;(c) absorption and emission spectra of ytterbium-doped fiber

下载图片查看原文

图 3. 激光选区熔化成形过程^[39-40]。(a)熔道搭接成形及缺陷形成机理;(b)熔池及飞溅信息

Fig. 3. Process of selective laser melting forming^[39-40]. (a) Mechanisms of melting track overlap forming and defects formation; (b) melting pool and spatter information

下载图片查看原文

图 4. 几种典型的数字化材料及数字化结构样件^[43-45]。 (a) 316L/CuSn10双金属结构;(b) 316L拓扑优化FCC/VC/ECC晶格类型多孔结构;(c) CuSn-18Ni300双金属梯度多孔结构

Fig. 4. Several typical digital materials and digital structure samples^[43-45]. (a) 316L/CuSn10 bimetal structure; (b) 316L topology optimization of FCC/VC/ECC lattice type porous structures; (c) CuSn-18Ni300 bimetallic gradient porous structure

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图 5. 定向能量沉积技术^[10,47]。(a)定向能量沉积技术分类;(b)送丝式定向能量沉积系统

Fig. 5. Directed energy deposition technology^[10,47]. (a) Classification of directed energy deposition technology; (b) wire-feed directed energy deposition system

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图 6. 光纤激光器定向能量沉积典型材料成形件。(a) Ti6Al4V合金^[58];(b)Ni718合金^[61];(c) 227F colmonoy镍基合金^[62];(d) 304奥氏体不锈钢^[63]; (e) 316LSi不锈钢^[66];(f) NiTi合金^[67];(g) CrMnFeCoNi高熵合金^{[68]Fig. 6. Typical materials samples deposited by directed energy deposition with fiber laser. (a) Ti6Al4V alloy^[58]; (b) Ni718 alloy^[61]; (c) 227-F colmonoy nickel-based alloy^[62]; (d) 304 austenite steel^[63]; (e) 316LSi stainless steel^[66]; (f) NiTi alloy
下载图片查看原文}

表 1粉末床熔融的分类及比较

Table1. Classification and comparison of powder bed fusion

Method	Activation source	Forming speed	Forming accuracy	Main material type
Selective laser melting	Laser	Slow	High	Metal
Selective laser sintering	Laser	Fast	High	Polymer
Electron beam selective melting	Electron beam	Fast	Low	Metal

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表 2国内外激光选区熔化设备及参数

Table2. Equipment and parameters of domestic and foreign SLM manufacturers

Company	Model	Build volume /(mm×mm×mm)	Laser power /W	Laser type	Material
SLM solution(GER)	SLM125	125×125×125	400	IPG fiberlaser /CW	Stainless steel,Ti6Al4V, AlSi10Mg,IN718, etc.
SLM solution(GER)	SLM500	500×280×365		IPG fiberlaser /CW	2×4002×700
ConceptLaser/GEAdditive(USA)	Mlab Cusing	50×50×8070×70×8090×90×80	100	Fiber laser /CW	Stainless steel,titanium alloy,aluminum alloy, etc.
ConceptLaser/GEAdditive(USA)	M2 Series 5	245×245×350		Fiber laser /CW	4002×400
DMG MORI(USA)	LASERTEC12 SLM	125×125×200	200400	Fiber laser /CW	Stainless steel,titanium, aluminumor tool steel, etc.
DMG MORI(USA)	LASERTEC30 SLM	300×300×300		Fiber laser /CW	6001000
EOS(GER)	EOS M 100	ϕ100×95	200	Yb fiberlaser /CW	Stainless steel,titanium-based alloys,AlSi10Mg, IN718, etc.
	EOS M 290	250×250×325			400
	EOS M 300	300×300×400			4001000
	EOS M 400	400×400×400			1000
Renishaw(UK)	RenAM 500	250×250×350	500	Fiber laser /CW	Stainless steel, titaniumalloy, aluminum alloy, etc.
Bright LaserTech (CHN)	BLT-A100	100×100×100	200	Fiber laser /CW	Titanium alloy, aluminumalloy, nickel-based alloy,stainless steel, etc.
	BLT-A300	250×250×300			500
	BLT-S400	400×250×400			2×500
FarsoonTech(CHN)	FS121M	120×120×100	200	Fiber laser /CW	316L,CoCrMoW,CoCrMo,CuSn10,IN625,IN718, etc.
	FS271M	275×275×340			316L,CoCrMoW,CoCrMo,CuSn10,IN625,IN718, etc.	500
	FS421M	425×425×420			5002×500
	Laseradd(CHN)	DiMetal-100	100×100×100		200	Yb fiberlaser /CW	Stainless steel, cobaltchromium alloy, Ti6Al4V,AlSi10Mg, IN718, etc.
DiMetal-280		250×250×300		500
DiMetal-500		500×250×300		2×500

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表 3定向能量沉积增材制造领域的4种典型激光器^[53]

Table3. Four typical laser in directed energy deposition additive manufacturing field^[53]

Laser parameter	CO₂ laser	Nd∶YAG laser	Fiber laser	Semiconductor laser
Wavelength /μm	10.06	1.06	1.07	0.8-0.98
Efficiency /%	5-20	LP:1-3DP:10-20	10-30	30-60
Operation mode	CW & pulse	CW & pulse	CW & pulse	CW & pulse
Output power /W	Up to 20000	Up to 16000	Up to 10000	Up to 4000
Pulse energy/pulse duration	1-10 J/100 ns-10 μs,1 J/~100 ns	Up to 120 J/1-20 ms,1.2 J/~3 ns	Up to 15 J/0.2-20 ms,~mJ/40-500 ns	Single diode, μJ/100 ns (50 kHz)
Peak power	Tens MW	50 MW	10 MW	40 W
Beam quality factor /(mm·mrad)	3-5	0.4-20	0.3-4	10-100
Fiber delivery	Not possible	Possible	Possible	Possible
Maintenance periods	2000 h	200 h (lamp life)	Maintenance free,pump diode life isabout 100000 h	Maintenance free,pump diode lifeis about 100000 h

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表 4国内外定向能量沉积设备及所用激光器

Table4. Directed energy deposition equipment and lasers used at home and abroad

Equipment manufacturer	Equipment model	Laser power /kW	laser type
OPTOMEC(USA)	LENS systems series	0.4-3	Fiber laser/CW
ADDITEC(USA)	μPrinter	0.6	Semiconductor laser
InssTek(KR)	MX series	0.3-5	Yb fiber laser/CW
DMG MORI(GER)	LASERTEC 65 3D	2.5,3	Fiber laser/CW
TRUMPF (GER)	TruPrint series	0.2-0.5	Fiber laser/CW
Meltio (ESP)	M450	0.6	Solid state laser/CW
Bright Laser Technologies(CHN)	BLT-C600	1,2,4	Fiber laser/CW
	BLT-C1000	2,4,6	Fiber laser/CW
TSC(CHN)	TSC-S series	10	Fiber laser/CW
AFS(CHN)	AFS-D600	1-3	Fiber laser/CW
RAYCHAM(CHN)	RC-LDM2020	0.5-4	Fiber laser/CW
yNAMT(CHN)	YLC-500	2-4	Semiconductor laser
TIANYU(CHN)	TY3Z-201703	10	Fiber laser/CW
Laser Add(CHN)	Laseradd-PR-500	6	Fiber laser/CW
	Laseradd-DED-500H	1.5	Semiconductor laser

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杨永强, 吴世彪, 张越, 朱勇强. 光纤激光器在金属增材制造中的应用进展及展望[J]. 中国激光, 2020, 47(5): 0500012. Yongqiang Yang, Shibiao Wu, Yue Zhang, Yongqiang Zhu. Application Progress and Prospect of Fiber Laser in Metal Additive Manufacturing[J]. Chinese Journal of Lasers, 2020, 47(5): 0500012.

光纤激光器在金属增材制造中的应用进展及展望下载： 1933次特邀综述

图 1. 激光金属增材制造典型系统原理图。(a)粉末床熔融增材制造系统;(b)定向能量沉积增减材复合制造系统

Fig. 1. Schematics of two typical laser additive manufacturing system for metal. (a) Powder bed fusion additive manufacturing system; (b) directed energy deposition additive and subtractive composite manufacturing system

图 2. 光纤激光器原理及掺镱光纤^[19]。(a)光纤激光器系统;(b)单模及多模光纤;(c)掺镱光纤的吸收谱和发射谱

Fig. 2. Fiber laser principle and ytterbium-doped fiber^[19]. (a) Fiber laser system; (b) single-mode and multi-mode optical fibers;(c) absorption and emission spectra of ytterbium-doped fiber

图 3. 激光选区熔化成形过程^[39-40]。(a)熔道搭接成形及缺陷形成机理;(b)熔池及飞溅信息

Fig. 3. Process of selective laser melting forming^[39-40]. (a) Mechanisms of melting track overlap forming and defects formation; (b) melting pool and spatter information

图 4. 几种典型的数字化材料及数字化结构样件^[43-45]。 (a) 316L/CuSn10双金属结构;(b) 316L拓扑优化FCC/VC/ECC晶格类型多孔结构;(c) CuSn-18Ni300双金属梯度多孔结构

Fig. 4. Several typical digital materials and digital structure samples^[43-45]. (a) 316L/CuSn10 bimetal structure; (b) 316L topology optimization of FCC/VC/ECC lattice type porous structures; (c) CuSn-18Ni300 bimetallic gradient porous structure

图 5. 定向能量沉积技术^[10,47]。(a)定向能量沉积技术分类;(b)送丝式定向能量沉积系统

Fig. 5. Directed energy deposition technology^[10,47]. (a) Classification of directed energy deposition technology; (b) wire-feed directed energy deposition system

Fig. 6. Typical materials samples deposited by directed energy deposition with fiber laser. (a) Ti6Al4V alloy^[58]; (b) Ni718 alloy^[61]; (c) 227-F colmonoy nickel-based alloy^[62]; (d) 304 austenite steel^[63]; (e) 316LSi stainless steel^[66]; (f) NiTi alloy
下载图片  查看原文

表 1粉末床熔融的分类及比较

Table1. Classification and comparison of powder bed fusion

表 2国内外激光选区熔化设备及参数

Table2. Equipment and parameters of domestic and foreign SLM manufacturers

表 3定向能量沉积增材制造领域的4种典型激光器^[53]

Table3. Four typical laser in directed energy deposition additive manufacturing field^[53]

表 4国内外定向能量沉积设备及所用激光器

Table4. Directed energy deposition equipment and lasers used at home and abroad

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光纤激光器在金属增材制造中的应用进展及展望 下载： 1933次特邀综述

图 1. 激光金属增材制造典型系统原理图。(a)粉末床熔融增材制造系统;(b)定向能量沉积增减材复合制造系统

Fig. 1. Schematics of two typical laser additive manufacturing system for metal. (a) Powder bed fusion additive manufacturing system; (b) directed energy deposition additive and subtractive composite manufacturing system

图 2. 光纤激光器原理及掺镱光纤[19]。(a)光纤激光器系统;(b)单模及多模光纤;(c)掺镱光纤的吸收谱和发射谱

Fig. 2. Fiber laser principle and ytterbium-doped fiber[19]. (a) Fiber laser system; (b) single-mode and multi-mode optical fibers;(c) absorption and emission spectra of ytterbium-doped fiber

图 3. 激光选区熔化成形过程[39-40] 。(a)熔道搭接成形及缺陷形成机理;(b)熔池及飞溅信息

Fig. 3. Process of selective laser melting forming[39-40]. (a) Mechanisms of melting track overlap forming and defects formation; (b) melting pool and spatter information

图 4. 几种典型的数字化材料及数字化结构样件[43-45]。 (a) 316L/CuSn10双金属结构;(b) 316L拓扑优化FCC/VC/ECC晶格类型多孔结构;(c) CuSn-18Ni300双金属梯度多孔结构

Fig. 4. Several typical digital materials and digital structure samples[43-45]. (a) 316L/CuSn10 bimetal structure; (b) 316L topology optimization of FCC/VC/ECC lattice type porous structures; (c) CuSn-18Ni300 bimetallic gradient porous structure

图 5. 定向能量沉积技术[10,47]。(a)定向能量沉积技术分类;(b)送丝式定向能量沉积系统

Fig. 5. Directed energy deposition technology[10,47]. (a) Classification of directed energy deposition technology; (b) wire-feed directed energy deposition system

Fig. 6. Typical materials samples deposited by directed energy deposition with fiber laser. (a) Ti6Al4V alloy[58]; (b) Ni718 alloy[61]; (c) 227-F colmonoy nickel-based alloy[62]; (d) 304 austenite steel[63]; (e) 316LSi stainless steel[66]; (f) NiTi alloy 下载图片 查看原文

表 1粉末床熔融的分类及比较

Table1. Classification and comparison of powder bed fusion

表 2国内外激光选区熔化设备及参数

Table2. Equipment and parameters of domestic and foreign SLM manufacturers

表 3定向能量沉积增材制造领域的4种典型激光器[53]

Table3. Four typical laser in directed energy deposition additive manufacturing field[53]

表 4国内外定向能量沉积设备及所用激光器

Table4. Directed energy deposition equipment and lasers used at home and abroad

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光纤激光器在金属增材制造中的应用进展及展望下载： 1933次特邀综述

图 2. 光纤激光器原理及掺镱光纤^[19]。(a)光纤激光器系统;(b)单模及多模光纤;(c)掺镱光纤的吸收谱和发射谱

Fig. 2. Fiber laser principle and ytterbium-doped fiber^[19]. (a) Fiber laser system; (b) single-mode and multi-mode optical fibers;(c) absorption and emission spectra of ytterbium-doped fiber

图 3. 激光选区熔化成形过程^[39-40]。(a)熔道搭接成形及缺陷形成机理;(b)熔池及飞溅信息

Fig. 3. Process of selective laser melting forming^[39-40]. (a) Mechanisms of melting track overlap forming and defects formation; (b) melting pool and spatter information

图 4. 几种典型的数字化材料及数字化结构样件^[43-45]。 (a) 316L/CuSn10双金属结构;(b) 316L拓扑优化FCC/VC/ECC晶格类型多孔结构;(c) CuSn-18Ni300双金属梯度多孔结构

Fig. 4. Several typical digital materials and digital structure samples^[43-45]. (a) 316L/CuSn10 bimetal structure; (b) 316L topology optimization of FCC/VC/ECC lattice type porous structures; (c) CuSn-18Ni300 bimetallic gradient porous structure

图 5. 定向能量沉积技术^[10,47]。(a)定向能量沉积技术分类;(b)送丝式定向能量沉积系统

Fig. 5. Directed energy deposition technology^[10,47]. (a) Classification of directed energy deposition technology; (b) wire-feed directed energy deposition system

Fig. 6. Typical materials samples deposited by directed energy deposition with fiber laser. (a) Ti6Al4V alloy^[58]; (b) Ni718 alloy^[61]; (c) 227-F colmonoy nickel-based alloy^[62]; (d) 304 austenite steel^[63]; (e) 316LSi stainless steel^[66]; (f) NiTi alloy
下载图片查看原文

表 3定向能量沉积增材制造领域的4种典型激光器^[53]

Table3. Four typical laser in directed energy deposition additive manufacturing field^[53]