<i>Φ</i>-OTDR型分布式光纤声波传感器研究进展

马皓钰; 王夏霄; 马福; 于佳

doi:doi:10.3788/LOP57.130005

激光与光电子学进展, 2020, 57 (13): 130005, 网络出版: 2020-07-09

Φ-OTDR型分布式光纤声波传感器研究进展下载： 2418次

Research Progress of Φ-OTDR Distributed Optical Fiber Acoustic Sensor

马皓钰 ^1,2王夏霄 ^1,2马福 ^1,2,*于佳 ^1,2

作者单位

¹ 北京航空航天大学仪器科学与光电工程学院, 北京 100191

² 精密光机电一体化技术教育部重点实验室, 北京 100191

图 & 表

图 1. Φ-OTDR的基本结构^[4]

Fig. 1. Basic structure of Φ-OTDR^[4]

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图 2. 直接探测结构框图^[8]

Fig. 2. Direct detection block diagram^[8]

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图 3. 第一套基于直接探测方式的Φ-OTDR系统结构框图^[9]

Fig. 3. First Φ-OTDR system block diagram based on direct detection^[9]

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图 4. 基于大功率超窄线宽单模光纤激光器的Φ-OTDR光纤分布式传感系统^[12]

Fig. 4. Φ-OTDR optical fiber distributed sensing system based on high power ultra-narrow linewidth single mode fiber laser^[12]

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图 5. 基于迈克耳孙干涉仪的直接探测结构^[16]

Fig. 5. Direct detection structure based on Michelson interferometer^[16]

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图 6. 基于3×3迈克耳孙干涉仪的直接探测结构^[17]

Fig. 6. Direct detection structure based on 3×3 Michelson interferometer^[17]

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图 7. 外差探测结构框图^[8]

Fig. 7. Heterodyne detection block diagram^[8]

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图 8. 超长监测距离的分布式扰动传感系统^[28]

Fig. 8. Distributed disturbance sensing system with super long monitoring distance^[28]

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图 9. 与非平衡3×3耦合器相结合的传感系统结构^[30]

Fig. 9. Sensing system structure combined with unbalanced 3×3 coupler^[30]

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图 10. 放电定位系统^[34]

Fig. 10. Discharge positioning system^[34]

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图 11. PGC-DCM算法结构框图

Fig. 11. PGC-DCM algorithm block diagram

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图 12. PGC-Arctan算法结构框图

Fig. 12. PGC-Arctan algorithm block diagram

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图 13. PGC-RCM算法结构框图^[42]

Fig. 13. PGC-RCM algorithm block diagram^[42]

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图 14. 基于不对称处理的PGC解调算法结构框图

Fig. 14. Block diagram of PGC demodulation algorithm based on asymmetric processing

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图 15. 3×3耦合器法结构框图^[44]

Fig. 15. 3×3 coupler method block diagram^[44]

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图 16. 数字IQ解调算法结构框图

Fig. 16. Digital IQ demodulation algorithm block diagram

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图 17. 90°光学混频原理图^[50]

Fig. 17. Schematic diagram of 90° optical mixing^[50]

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表 1直接探测结构发展

Table1. Development of direct detection structures

Year	Reference	Feature	Main indicator
1998	Ref. [9]	Set up the first Φ-OTDR for direct detection	6 km sensing fiber 400 m spatial resolution
2003	Ref. [10]	Combined with M-Z interferometer using erbium-doped fiber laser source	12 km sensing fiber, 1 km positioning accuracy, 5.6 dB SNR
2005	Ref. [11]	Improved erbium-doped fiber laser source	19 km sensing fiber,200 m spatial resolution
2008	Ref. [12]	Using high-power ultra-narrow linewidth single-mode fiber laser	14 km sensing fiber, 50 m positioning accuracy,12 dB SNR
2009	Ref. [13]	Combining two-way Raman amplification technology with M-Z interferometer, and using FRP to encapsulate special fiber	62 km sensing distance, 100 m spatial resolution
2013	Ref. [14]	Short distance, high accuracy	1.25 km sensing fiber,monitor 39.5 kHz signal, 5 m spatial resolution
2015	Ref. [15]	Usethree circulators at the same time	66.92 km monitoring distance
2015	Ref. [16]	Using Michelson interferometer	10 km sensing fiber,6 m spatial resolution, 30.45 dB SNR
2015	Ref. [17]	Using 3×3 Michelson interferometer	29.6 dB SNR,multi-signal detection within 200 m
2017	Ref. [18]	Application in water pipeline inspection	96.7% leak recognition rate
2018	Ref. [19]	Combined with Gaussian model positioning scheme to achieve adaptive vibration positioning	9.8 km sensing fiber, 5 m spatial resolution, 5-2.5 kHz frequency range, 1 Hz resolution
2018	Ref. [20]	Practical research on urban water pipeline monitoring	2 km sensing fiber, 10 m spatial resolution, worked in both water and soil
2019	Ref. [21]	Application on coalbed methane pipeline	10 km pipeline, 20 m spatial resolution

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表 2外差探测结构发展

Table2. Development of heterodyne detection structure

Year	Reference	Feature	Main indicator
2005	Ref. [6]	Propose and build Φ-OTDR for heterodyne detection structure	1.2 km sensing fiber,5 m spatial resolution
2011	Ref. [22]	Based on polarization maintaining and using linear induction fiber	1 m spatial resolution
2011	Ref. [23]	Based on digital coherent detection	3.5 km sensing fiber
2012	Ref. [24]	Using phase-shifted double pulse technique and unbalanced Michelson interferometer	4 km sensing fiber,20 dB SNR
2012	Ref. [25]	Combined with wavelet transform technology, using two erbium-doped fiber amplifiers	1 km sensing fiber,0.5 m spatial resolution,20 Hz-8 kHz frequency response
2013	Ref. [26]	Using 3×3 coupler, cross multiplication and resolver	1 km sensing fiber,2 m spatial resolution,500 Hz-5 kHz frequency range,tracks trains up to 360 km/h
2013	Ref. [27]	Using M-Z interferometer and two acousto-optic modulators	1150 m monitoring scope,6.3 MHz frequency range
2014	Ref. [28]	Ultra-long monitoring distance	128 km sensing fiber,15 m spatial resolution
2014	Ref. [29]	Combining anti-pumped first-order Raman amplification technology, anti-pumped Brillouin amplification technology, and co-pumped second-order Raman amplificationtechnology	175 km sensing fiber,25 m spatial resolution
2017	Ref. [30]	Using an unbalanced 3×3 Michelson interferometer	56 dB SNR,50-2075 Hz frequency range
2017	Ref. [31]	Using frequency sweep pulse technology	19.8 km sensing fiber,30 cm spatial resolution
2019	Ref. [32]	Using phase difference method and two laser light sources	45 km sensing fiber,10 cm spatial resolution,37.7 dB SNR
2019	Ref. [33]	Using PDM-BDSK code and M-Z interferometer	Long distance, high sensitivity, high bandwidth
2019	Ref. [34]	Application of Michelson interferometer to GIL discharge positioning system	Overcome the intrusiveness, high cost, and low resolution of traditional systems

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表 3相位解调算法发展

Table3. Development of phase demodulation algorithms

Year	Reference	Feature	Breakthrough
1982	Ref. [37]	First proposed homodyne passive demodulation	Pioneer in passive homodyne demodulation
1982	Ref. [45]	Propose using 3×3 coupler for signal demodulation	Pioneer in 3×3 coupler demodulation
1982	Ref. [46]	Constructingfiber interferometer structure with 3×3 coupler	Verified 3×3 coupler demodulation
2001	Ref. [49]	Applied for "digital quadrature amplitude modulation patent"	Manufacturing of a fully digital QAM modulator
2006	Ref. [38]	Developed PGC digital demodulation system	Avoid noise from analog circuits and improve signal-to-noise ratio
2010	Ref. [39]	Proposed the PGC-DSM algorithm	Improve signal-to-noise ratio and reduce harmonic distortion
2013	Ref. [27]	Applying 3×3 coupler method to Φ-OTDR system	2 m spatial resolution,excellent real-time responsiveness
2016	Ref. [40]	Application of phase homodyne demodulation technology to optical fiber distributed acoustic sensing system	Achieved a phase sensitivity level of -151 dB at 600 Hz and a minimum sound pressure of 6 Pa
2015	Ref. [16]	Combining PGC-Arctan demodulation technology with unbalanced Michelson interferometer	10 km sensing fiber,6 m spatial resolution,30.45 dB SNR
2015	Ref. [17]	Applying 3×3 coupler method to Φ-OTDR system	Realize multi-point simultaneous measurement and underwater measurement
2015	Ref. [41]	Introducing anti-aliasing filters to improve the PGC-DSM algorithm	Reduce the minimum sampling rate and memory usage
2016	Ref. [42]	Propose PGC-RCM demodulation algorithm and PGC demodulation algorithm based on asymmetric processing	RCM enhances compensation for light intensity interference, visibility and modulation depth. Asymmetric processing of the PGC demodulation algorithm requires simple optical paths, reducing the effects of light intensity and modulation depth
2016	Ref. [50]	Applying IQ algorithm based on 90 ° optical mixing to Φ-OTDR system	10 m spatial resolution,34.1 dB SNR
2016	Ref. [51]	Combining BPSK and QPSK encoding with IQ demodulation technology	Achieved an ultra-high 2.5 cm spatial resolution
2017	Ref. [31]	Combining the 3×3 coupler method with a table lookup method	Signal-to-noise ratio above 56 dB and frequency response range of 2 kHz
2017	Ref. [52]	Derive a pair of IQ signals directly from the light intensity signal	Only IQ demodulation algorithm that can be used for purely direct detection structures
2018	Ref. [43]	Propose PGC-DMS demodulation algorithm, combined with dual pulse probe	Achieved 24 dB SNR
2018	Ref. [48]	A four-way detection system is used based on the 3×3 coupler method demodulation	Improved the linearity of demodulation without changing the spatial resolution
2018	Ref. [53]	Applying digital IQ demodulation algorithm to Φ-OTDR system based on single frequency drift compensation	Successfully restore the weak low frequency signal of 5.89 nε, 0.05 Hz
2018	Ref. [54]	Propose IQ demodulation algorithm based on clock homology	Effectively improve demodulation efficiency and signal-to-noise ratio

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马皓钰, 王夏霄, 马福, 于佳. Φ-OTDR型分布式光纤声波传感器研究进展[J]. 激光与光电子学进展, 2020, 57(13): 130005. Haoyu Ma, Xiaxiao Wang, Fu Ma, Jia Yu. Research Progress of Φ-OTDR Distributed Optical Fiber Acoustic Sensor[J]. Laser & Optoelectronics Progress, 2020, 57(13): 130005.

Φ-OTDR型分布式光纤声波传感器研究进展 下载： 2418次

图 1. Φ-OTDR的基本结构[4]

Fig. 1. Basic structure of Φ-OTDR[4]

图 2. 直接探测结构框图[8]

Fig. 2. Direct detection block diagram[8]

图 3. 第一套基于直接探测方式的Φ-OTDR系统结构框图[9]

Fig. 3. First Φ-OTDR system block diagram based on direct detection[9]

图 4. 基于大功率超窄线宽单模光纤激光器的Φ-OTDR光纤分布式传感系统[12]

Fig. 4. Φ-OTDR optical fiber distributed sensing system based on high power ultra-narrow linewidth single mode fiber laser[12]

图 5. 基于迈克耳孙干涉仪的直接探测结构[16]

Fig. 5. Direct detection structure based on Michelson interferometer[16]

图 6. 基于3×3迈克耳孙干涉仪的直接探测结构[17]

Fig. 6. Direct detection structure based on 3×3 Michelson interferometer[17]

图 7. 外差探测结构框图[8]

Fig. 7. Heterodyne detection block diagram[8]

图 8. 超长监测距离的分布式扰动传感系统[28]

Fig. 8. Distributed disturbance sensing system with super long monitoring distance[28]

图 9. 与非平衡3×3耦合器相结合的传感系统结构[30]

Fig. 9. Sensing system structure combined with unbalanced 3×3 coupler[30]

图 10. 放电定位系统[34]

Fig. 10. Discharge positioning system[34]

图 11. PGC-DCM算法结构框图

Fig. 11. PGC-DCM algorithm block diagram

图 12. PGC-Arctan算法结构框图

Fig. 12. PGC-Arctan algorithm block diagram

图 13. PGC-RCM算法结构框图[42]

Fig. 13. PGC-RCM algorithm block diagram[42]

图 14. 基于不对称处理的PGC解调算法结构框图

Fig. 14. Block diagram of PGC demodulation algorithm based on asymmetric processing

图 15. 3×3耦合器法结构框图[44]

Fig. 15. 3×3 coupler method block diagram[44]

图 16. 数字IQ解调算法结构框图

Fig. 16. Digital IQ demodulation algorithm block diagram

图 17. 90°光学混频原理图[50]

Fig. 17. Schematic diagram of 90° optical mixing[50]

表 1直接探测结构发展

Table1. Development of direct detection structures

表 2外差探测结构发展

Table2. Development of heterodyne detection structure

表 3相位解调算法发展

Table3. Development of phase demodulation algorithms

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Φ-OTDR型分布式光纤声波传感器研究进展下载： 2418次

图 1. Φ-OTDR的基本结构^[4]

Fig. 1. Basic structure of Φ-OTDR^[4]

图 2. 直接探测结构框图^[8]

Fig. 2. Direct detection block diagram^[8]

图 3. 第一套基于直接探测方式的Φ-OTDR系统结构框图^[9]

Fig. 3. First Φ-OTDR system block diagram based on direct detection^[9]

图 4. 基于大功率超窄线宽单模光纤激光器的Φ-OTDR光纤分布式传感系统^[12]

Fig. 4. Φ-OTDR optical fiber distributed sensing system based on high power ultra-narrow linewidth single mode fiber laser^[12]

图 5. 基于迈克耳孙干涉仪的直接探测结构^[16]

Fig. 5. Direct detection structure based on Michelson interferometer^[16]

图 6. 基于3×3迈克耳孙干涉仪的直接探测结构^[17]

Fig. 6. Direct detection structure based on 3×3 Michelson interferometer^[17]

图 7. 外差探测结构框图^[8]

Fig. 7. Heterodyne detection block diagram^[8]

图 8. 超长监测距离的分布式扰动传感系统^[28]

Fig. 8. Distributed disturbance sensing system with super long monitoring distance^[28]

图 9. 与非平衡3×3耦合器相结合的传感系统结构^[30]

Fig. 9. Sensing system structure combined with unbalanced 3×3 coupler^[30]

图 10. 放电定位系统^[34]

Fig. 10. Discharge positioning system^[34]

图 13. PGC-RCM算法结构框图^[42]

Fig. 13. PGC-RCM algorithm block diagram^[42]

图 15. 3×3耦合器法结构框图^[44]

Fig. 15. 3×3 coupler method block diagram^[44]

图 17. 90°光学混频原理图^[50]

Fig. 17. Schematic diagram of 90° optical mixing^[50]