激光与光电子学进展, 2019, 56 (17): 170620, 网络出版: 2019-09-05
具有特征波长的少模光纤特性及传感应用 
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Characteristics and Sensing Applications of Few-Mode Fiber with Critical Wavelength
图 & 表
图 1. 少模光纤横截面结构图。(a)几何示意图和归一化折射率差分布图;(b)扫描电镜图
Fig. 1. Diagram of the FMF cross-section structure. (a) Geometrical structure and relative refractive index difference profile; (b) scanning electron microscope micrograph
图 3. 少模光纤中传输的LP01模式和LP02模式的传播常数差Δβ和SFS结构(LFMF=50 cm)传输光谱在25 ℃自由状态下随波长变化的仿真曲线
Fig. 3. Simulation curves of the propagation constant difference Δβ of LP01 and the LP02 modes propagating in the FMF, and the transmission spectrum of the SFS structure (LFMF=50 cm) under the temperature of 25 ℃ versus wavelength
图 4. 温度变化时,少模光纤中传输的LP01模式和LP02模式的传播常数差Δβ及SFS结构(LFMF=16 cm)的传输光谱随波长变化的仿真曲线。(a)不考虑热应力下的Δβ;(b)考虑热应力下的Δβ;(c)不考虑热应力下的传输光谱;(d)考虑热应力下的传输光谱
Fig. 4. Simulation curves of the propagation constant difference Δβ of the LP01 and LP02 modes propagating in the FMF, and the transmission spectra of the SFS structure (LFMF=16 cm) versus wavelength when temperature changes. (a) Δβ without thermal stress; (b) Δβ with thermal stress; (c) transmission spectra without thermal stress;(d) transmission spectra with thermal stress
图 5. 温度变化时SFS结构(LFMF=16 cm)的实验传输光谱及特征波长的移动。(a) SFS结构的实验传输光谱;(b)特征波长随温度的移动
Fig. 5. Experimental transmission spectra of the SFS structure (LFMF=16 cm) and critical wavelength shifts when temperature changes. (a) Experimental transmission spectra of the SFS structure; (b) critical wavelength shift versus temperature
图 6. SFS结构(LFMF=50 cm)的传输光谱随温度的变化
Fig. 6. Transmission spectra of the SFS structure (LFMF=50 cm) versus temperature
图 7. SFS结构传输光谱中干涉条纹的温度灵敏度的仿真和实验曲线
Fig. 7. Simulated and experimental results of temperature sensitivity of the interference fringes in the transmission spectrum of the SFS structure
图 8. 少模光纤中LP01模式和LP02模式之间传播常数差Δβ随轴向应变变化的仿真曲线
Fig. 8. Simulation curves of propagation constant difference Δβ of the LP01 and LP02 modes propagating in the FMF under axial strain variation
图 9. 实验测量。(a) SFS结构(LFMF=30 cm)传输光谱随轴向应变变化;(b)特征波长随轴向应变的变化
Fig. 9. Results of experimental measurements. (a) Transmission spectra of the SFS structure (LFMF=30 cm) under axial strain variation; (b) critical wavelength shift of CWL versus axial strain
图 10. SFS传感结构的传输光谱的干涉峰的轴向应变灵敏度随归一化波长的变化
Fig. 10. Relationship between axial strain sensitivity of the interference fringes in the transmission spectrum of the SFS structure and normalized wavelength
图 11. SFS结构(LFMF=20 cm)传感器随温度和轴向应变变化时的实时输出图。(a) 30 min实验测试传输光谱中干涉峰PH, 1和PL, 1的峰值波长移动;(b)实际施加轴向应力和SFS结构传感器实测输出轴向应力曲线;(c)实际环境温度和SFS结构传感器实测输出温度曲线
Fig. 11. Output of sensor containing the SFS structure (LFMF=20 cm) varies with temperature and axial strain. (a) Wavelength shifts for PH, 1 and PL, 1 over a 30-min period of the experiment; (b) curves of the applied and calculated axial strains over that time; (c) curves of the applied and calculated temperatures
图 12. 涂覆聚酰亚胺的SFS结构(LFMF=15 cm)在相对湿度变化下的传感特性。(a)传输光谱;(b)干涉谷DL, 1,DL, 2,DL, 3,DL, 4的波长移动
Fig. 12. Sensor outputs of the polyimide-coated SFS structure (LFMF=15 cm) under relative humidity variation. (a) Transmission spectra; (b) wavelength shifts of interference dips DL, 1, DL, 2, DL, 3, and DL, 4
图 13. 少模光纤在不同等效曲率下,仿真LP01模式和LP02模式的Δβ及SFS结构(LFMF=35 cm)的传输光谱随波长的变化
Fig. 13. Simulation of the propagation constant difference Δβ of LP01 and LP02 modes, and the transmission spectra of the SFS structure (LFMF=35 cm) versus wavelength with different equivalent curvatures of the FMF
图 14. 少模光纤在不同曲率下,实验测得SFS结构(LFMF=35 cm)的传输光谱随波长的变化
Fig. 14. Experimental results of the transmission spectra of the SFS structure (LFMF=35 cm) versus wavelength with different curvatures of the FMF
图 15. 少模光纤的特征波长随等效曲率变化的仿真和实验结果
Fig. 15. Simulation and experimental results of the critical wavelength shift versus equivalent curvature of the FMF
图 16. 基于SFS结构 (LFMF=10 cm)的大量程位移传感器。(a)实验示意图;(b)实验实物图;(c)螺线管数学模型
Fig. 16. Displacement sensor with large measurement range based on the SFS structure (LFMF=10 cm). (a) Experimental diagram; (b) experimental setup; (c) geometrical mathematical model of circular helix
图 17. 基于SFS结构(LFMF=10 cm)的大位移传感器。(a)传输光谱随位移量的变化;(b)少模光纤等效曲率和特征波长随位移量的变化曲线
Fig. 17. Large displacement sensor based on the SFS structure (LFMF=10 cm). (a) Transmission spectra under different displacements; (b) change of the FMF equivalent curvature and shifts of the critical wavelengths under displacement variation
图 18. 腐蚀SFS传输光谱中特征波长随光纤外径dFMF变化的仿真曲线。其中插图为LP01模式和LP02模式的传播常数差在不同dFMF下随波长变化的仿真曲线
Fig. 18. Simulation of the critical wavelength shifts in the transmission spectra of the etched SFS structure with different dFMF. The inset is the simulation of the propagation constant difference of the LP01 and LP02 modes versus wavelength with different dFMF
图 19. 腐蚀SFS结构(LFMF=20 cm, dFMF=21.3 μm)在不同SRI下的传输光谱。(a) SRI为1.316;(b) SRI为1.383;(c) SRI为1.423;(d) SRI为1.439
Fig. 19. Transmission spectra of the etched SFS structure (LFMF=20 cm, dFMF=21.3 μm) under different SRIs. (a) SRI is 1.316;(b) SRI is 1.383;(c) SRI is 1.423;(d) SRI is 1.439
图 20. 外界折射率变化下腐蚀SFS传输光谱中特征波长移动情况(实验结果标注误差线)
Fig. 20. Experimental results (marked with error bars) of the critical wavelength shift in the transmission spectrum of the etched SFS structure under surrouding refractive index variation
图 21. 在外界折射率变化下,腐蚀SFS结构(dFMF=21.3 μm,LFMF=20 cm)的传输光谱及特征波长和部分干涉峰/干涉谷波长的仿真变化。(a)特征波长及左右两边干涉峰/谷(DL, 1, PL, 1, PH, 1, DH, 1)的波长移动情况;(b) SRI为1.350,1.355,1.360时的传输光谱
Fig. 21. Simulation of the transmission spectra of the etched SFS structure (dFMF=21.3 μm, LFMF=20 cm) and shifts of the critical wavelength and the interference peaks/dips under surrounding refractive index variation. (a) Shifts of the critical wavelength and the interference peaks/dips (DL,1, PL,1, PH,1, DH,1) on each side of the critical wavelength; (b) transmission spectra under the SRIs of 1.350, 1.355, and 1.360
表 1具有特征波长的SFS传感结构在多种参量测量中的应用总结
Table1. Summary of the SFS sensing structure with critical wavelength and its applications in different sensing parameters
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陆晨旭, 董小鹏, 苏娟, 雷雪琴. 具有特征波长的少模光纤特性及传感应用[J]. 激光与光电子学进展, 2019, 56(17): 170620. Chenxu Lu, Xiaopeng Dong, Juan Su, Xueqin Lei. Characteristics and Sensing Applications of Few-Mode Fiber with Critical Wavelength[J]. Laser & Optoelectronics Progress, 2019, 56(17): 170620.
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