5083铝合金厚板超窄间隙光纤激光焊接接头组织与性能

张国伟; 肖荣诗

doi:doi:10.3788/cjl201441.0903006

中国激光, 2014, 41 (9): 0903006, 网络出版: 2014-08-15

5083铝合金厚板超窄间隙光纤激光焊接接头组织与性能

Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of 5083 Aluminum Alloy Joint of Heavy Section by Ultra-Narrow Gap Fiber Laser Beam Welding

论文大纲

张国伟 ^*肖荣诗

作者单位

北京工业大学激光工程研究院, 北京 100124

摘要

铝合金厚板由于焊接难度大、效率低和变形大等问题使其难以得到广泛应用。利用厚板超窄间隙激光焊方法及IPG公司YLS-6000光纤激光器焊接了25 mm厚的5083铝合金厚板，并利用光学显微镜、扫描电镜和低温拉伸试验机分析了接头组织及低温性能。结果表明，超窄间隙激光焊方法可得到成形良好无明显缺陷的焊接接头，焊缝由7层构成，上下宽度一致且小于4.5 mm。焊缝组织为细小柱状晶且均匀分布有不连续的点状析出物。热影响区晶粒并无明显长大，有部分析出物析出。焊缝与母材显微硬度相当，热影响区软化现象不明显。在273 K、243 K、213 K及183 K温度下焊接接头抗拉强度与屈服强度随温度降低略有升高，且与母材强度相当。接头弯曲试样弯曲180°后缺陷较少，焊缝塑性较好。

Abstract

Application of aluminum alloy heavy section is limited for its worse weldability, low welding efficiency and large welding deformation. 5083 aluminum alloy plates of 25 mm thick are welded using IPG YLS-6000 fiber laser and ultra-narrow gap fiber laser beam welding method. The microstructure and mechanical properties of joint are tested by optical microscope, scanning electron microscope and tensile testing machine for low temperature. The results shows that defect free butt joints with 7 layers are obtained with ultra-narrow gap laser welding. The width of weld is uniform and less than 4.5 mm. Microstructure of weld consists of columnar grain and some discontinuous dot-like precipitated phases. There are no obvious coarse grains but some precipitation in heat affected zone (HAZ). The microhardness of the HAZ is slightly lower than that of weld metal and base metal, and the microhardness of base metal is the same to that of the joint. The tensile strength of joint increases a bit when temperature decreases (such as at 273 K、243 K、213 K and 183 K), which performs as well as the base metal. Samples are bended by 180° without large defects observed, which shows the joint has excellent plasticity.

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张国伟, 肖荣诗. 5083铝合金厚板超窄间隙光纤激光焊接接头组织与性能[J]. 中国激光, 2014, 41(9): 0903006. Zhang Guowei, Xiao Rongshi. Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of 5083 Aluminum Alloy Joint of Heavy Section by Ultra-Narrow Gap Fiber Laser Beam Welding[J]. Chinese Journal of Lasers, 2014, 41(9): 0903006.

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