一点对多点同时空间激光通信光学跟瞄技术研究

为了实现一点对多点同时空间激光通信，对系统的光学跟瞄技术进行了研究。简述了系统总体方案，推导了捕获、瞄准、跟踪(APT)系统工作流程、捕获对准和粗跟踪过程中脱靶量与反射镜转动之间的关系。对跟瞄过程中的多执行器联动控制、图像处理识别与定位和双镜交接低误码控制等关键技术进行了深入研究。介绍了多点同时激光通信原理样机与实验。实验结果表明：原理样机的同时空间激光通信终端达3 个，通信范围方位角为360°，俯仰角为±19°，从而验证了光学原理与跟瞄技术的可行性。

Abstract

In order to realize one- point to multi- point simultaneous space laser communication technology, the optical principle and APT (acquisition point and track) technology are studied. The overall scheme is introduced, and then the working process of APT system and relationship between miss distances and mirror rotation angle in the acquisition and coarse tracking process are analyzed. Then, the key technologies such as multi- actuator linkage control, image processing recognition and location, low error control when two mirror handover is in acquisition and coarse tracking process are analyzed. Finally, the prototype and experiment of one- point to multi- point simultaneous laser communication are introduced. Experimental results show that three terminals can communicate simultaneous, and the communication angle is 360° in azimuth and ± 19° in pitch. This indicates that the optical principle and APT technology can meet the requirements of one- point to multi-point space simultaneous laser communication.

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