光学学报, 2021, 41 (1): 0123003, 网络出版: 2021-02-23
超构表面高效调控电磁波 
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High-Efficiency Manipulations on Electromagnetic Waves with Metasurfaces
图 & 表
图 1. 自然材料由“天然原子”组成(左),超构材料由“人工原子”组成(右)
Fig. 1. Natural materials are made of “real atoms” (left) and metamaterials are made of “artificial meta-atoms” (right)
图 2. 电磁波的调控。(a)体材料器件借助“传输相位”调控电磁波;(b)超构表面借助“突变相位”调控电磁波
Fig. 2. Electromagnetic wave manipulations. (a)Electromagnetic wave manipulations with bulky device relying on the propagation phase; (b) electromagnetic wave manipulations with metasurface relying on the abruptly changed phase
图 3. 从均匀超构材料、非均匀超构材料走向梯度超构表面的发展历程
Fig. 3. Development from homogeneous metamaterials (MMs), inhomogeneous MMs to gradient metasurfaces (MSs)
图 4. 复旦大学周磊教授团队在超构表面领域的典型研究工作
Fig. 4. Representative research works of Prof. Lei Zhou’s group from Fudan University in the field of metasurfaces
图 5. 超构表面调控电磁偏振状态的原理
Fig. 5. Principle of electromagnetic polarization manipulation with metasurfaces
图 6. 基于超构表面的电磁偏振调控。(a)反射式超构表面实现高效偏振调控[13];(b)不同偏振下反射式超构表面的反射相位[13];(c) ABA三层结构组成的透射式超构表面[19];(d)三种典型的偏振调控效应[19]
Fig. 6. Electromagnetic polarization manipulations with metasurfaces. (a) Reflective metasurface for high-efficiency polarization manipulations[13]; (b) reflection phase spectra of reflective metasurface for different polarization cases[13]; (c) ABA-multilayer transmission-type metasurface[19]; (d) three typical polarization manipulation effects[19]
图 7. 通过自由调控超构表面反射(或透射)相位随着空间的分布Φ(r)实现任意的电磁波波前调控
Fig. 7. Arbitrary electromagnetic wavefront manipulations via freely controlling the spatial reflection (or transmission) phase distributions on the metasurface
图 8. 具有不同梯度相位的反射式超构表面分别实现奇异反射效应和表面波激发的物理思想及实验验证[9]。(a)~(c)奇异反射效应;(d)~(f)表面波激发
Fig. 8. Schematic pictures and experimental demonstrations to respectively achieve anomalous reflection and surface wave excitation with reflective metasurfaces of different gradient phases. (a)--(c) Anomalous reflection; (d)--(f) surface wave excitation
图 9. 传统表面等离激元耦合器与新型超构表面耦合器的对比[26]。(a)传统表面等离激元耦合器存在反射和解耦损耗;(b)(c)新型超构表面耦合器抑制两种损耗实现高效率表面等离激元激发
Fig. 9. Comparison of traditional surface plasmon coupler and new metasurface coupler. (a) Two key issues degrading the performance of traditional surface plasmon coupler, i.e., reflection loss and decoupling loss; (b)(c) new metasurface coupler suppresses two losses and realizes high-efficiency surface plasmon excitation
图 10. 基于几何相位超构表面的光子自旋霍尔效应[35]。(a)超构表面单元的琼斯矩阵分析;(b)基于庞加莱球的几何相位原理;(c)(d)几何相位超构表面实现光子自旋霍尔效应
Fig. 10. Photonic spin Hall effect realized by Pancharatnam-Berry metasurface. (a) Jones matrix analysis of the meta-atom array; (b) principle of the Pancharatnam-Berry phase based on Poincaré sphere; (c)(d) photonic spin Hall effect achieved in the Pancharatnam-Berry metasurface
图 11. 基于动态调控电磁相位实现功能可调超构表面
Fig. 11. Switchable functionalities achieved by tunable metasurface via changing electromagnetic phase dynamically
图 12. 反射式超构表面实现的不同的电磁功能[57]。(a)(b)反射式超构表面示意图以及基于耦合模理论的单通道共振模型;(c)(d)体系吸收率和反射相位覆盖范围与辐射品质因子Qr、吸收品质因子Qa的关系
Fig. 12. Different electromagnetic functionalities achieved by reflective metasurfaces. (a)(b) Schematics of reflective metasurface and single-port resonator model based on coupled-mode theory; (c)(d) diagrams of the absorption and the span of reflection phase inside the metasurface as a function of Qr and Qa
图 13. 基于石墨烯的超构表面实现大幅度相位调控[58]。(a)基于石墨烯的可调超构表面;(b)可调超构表面处于不同相区(欠阻尼、临界阻尼、过阻尼)的反射系数史密斯图;(c)(d)调控外加门电压实现反射相位的动态可调功能
Fig. 13. Widely tunable phase manipulation with graphene based metasurfaces. (a) Schematic of the graphene based tunable metasruface; (b) Smith curves of the reflection coefficient for the metasurface at different phase regions, i.e., underdamping, critical damping and overdamping; (c)(d) the dynamical reflection phase manipulations of the metasurface with different gate voltages
孙树林, 何琼, 郝加明, 肖诗逸, 周磊. 超构表面高效调控电磁波[J]. 光学学报, 2021, 41(1): 0123003. Shulin Sun, Qiong He, Jiaming Hao, Shiyi Xiao, Lei Zhou. High-Efficiency Manipulations on Electromagnetic Waves with Metasurfaces[J]. Acta Optica Sinica, 2021, 41(1): 0123003.
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