将普通光学显微镜的均匀照明替换为光场具有空间结构分布的照明，可为显微镜增添超分辨和光切片的新功能。结构光照明显微（SIM）技术与传统宽场光学显微镜具有良好的结构兼容性，继承了传统光学显微镜非侵入、低光毒性、低荧光漂白、快速成像的优点。其高时空分辨率和三维光切片能力非常适合活体细胞或组织的观测，受到生物医学和光学界的持续关注。快速产生高对比度、高频率的结构光场并进行快速相移和旋转调控是SIM的核心技术。近年来基于数字微镜器件（DMD）调制的SIM（DMD-SIM）发展迅速，它利用DMD高刷新率、高光通量、偏振不敏感的优势，克服了传统器件如物理光栅和液晶空间光调制器在调控速度上的缺点。本综述首先介绍了SIM超分辨和光切片的基本原理，然后着重阐述了DMD-SIM通过光投影和光干涉产生结构光照明及调控光场的方法，对当前的DMD-SIM研究进展进行了归纳评述，总结了DMD-SIM的优缺点，最后对DMD-SIM面临的挑战和发展趋势进行了展望。

Conventional optical microscopes can achieve super-resolution and optical sectioning capabilities by replacing the source of uniform illumination with structured illumination module. Because of the configuration compatibility with the conventional wide-field optical microscope, the structured illumination microscopy (SIM) inherits the merits of non-invasiveness, low phototoxicity, low photo-bleaching, and fast imaging speed. The high spatiotemporal resolution and three-dimensional optical sectioning abilities of SIM are highly suitable for the observation of living cells or tissues. Thus, SIM has attracted continuous attention by the biomedical and optical communities. The core techniques of SIM are fast fringe generation with high contrast and high frequency, as well as fast phase shifting and fringe rotation. The digital micromirror device (DMD) based SIM (DMD-SIM) has undergone rapid development in recent years. DMD-SIM, taking the advantages of high refreshing rate, high photon flux efficiency, and insensitive to polarization, has overcome the drawbacks of the low modulation speeds of traditional devices, e.g., physical gratings and liquid crystal spatial light modulators. First, the basic principles of SIM for super-resolution and optical sectioning are introduced. Then it focuses on the DMD-SIM for generation of structured illuminations by using either beam projection or beam interference methods. Furthermore, the advances in DMD-SIM technology are reviewed, and the advantages and disadvantages of DMD-SIM are summarized. Finally, the challenges and the outlook for DMD-SIM are anticipated.