High-intensity vortex beams with tunable topological charges and low coherence are highly demanded in applications such as inertial confinement fusion (ICF) and optical communication. However, traditional optical vortices featuring nonuniform intensity distributions are dramatically restricted in application scenarios that require a high-intensity vortex beam owing to their ineffective amplification resulting from the intensity-dependent nonlinear effect. Here, a low-coherence perfect vortex beam (PVB) with a topological charge as high as 140 is realized based on the super-pixel wavefront-shaping technique. More importantly, a globally adaptive feedback algorithm (GAFA) is proposed to efficiently suppress the original intensity fluctuation and achieve a flat-top PVB with dramatically reduced beam speckle contrast. The GAFA-based flat-top PVB generation method can pave the way for high-intensity vortex beam generation, which is crucial for potential applications in ICF, laser processing, optical communication and optical trapping.

In recent years, notable progress has been achieved in both the hardware and algorithms of structured illumination microscopy (SIM). Nevertheless, the advancement of three-dimensional structured illumination microscopy (3DSIM) has been impeded by challenges arising from the speed and intricacy of polarization modulation. We introduce a high-speed modulation 3DSIM system, leveraging the polarization-maintaining and modulation capabilities of a digital micromirror device (DMD) in conjunction with an electro-optic modulator. The DMD-3DSIM system yields a twofold enhancement in both lateral (133 nm) and axial (300 nm) resolution compared to wide-field imaging and can acquire a data set comprising 29 sections of 1024 pixels × 1024 pixels, with 15 ms exposure time and 6.75 s per volume. The versatility of the DMD-3DSIM approach was exemplified through the imaging of various specimens, including fluorescent beads, nuclear pores, microtubules, actin filaments, and mitochondria within cells, as well as plant and animal tissues. Notably, polarized 3DSIM elucidated the orientation of actin filaments. Furthermore, the implementation of diverse deconvolution algorithms further enhances 3D resolution. The DMD-based 3DSIM system presents a rapid and reliable methodology for investigating biomedical phenomena, boasting capabilities encompassing 3D superresolution, fast temporal resolution, and polarization imaging.

数字微镜器件（DMD）作为一种灵活、可编程、可独立寻址的空间光调制器件，广泛地应用于无掩膜光刻、光束整形、全息成像、共焦测量等领域。在光谱成像领域，DMD能够对成像视场进行精细可控的调制，从而代替传统的机械掩膜版和机械扫描结构。综述了近年来DMD在光谱成像领域的研究进展和应用情况，详细论述了基于DMD的编码孔径和推扫式光谱成像系统的光学系统基本结构及工作原理；梳理了基于DMD的光谱成像系统从哈达玛变换光谱成像到推扫式光谱成像的发展脉络；详细介绍了研究人员为克服DMD微镜的衍射以及像面倾斜等像差所做的相关研究工作。最后，总结了基于DMD的光谱成像技术的独特优势，讨论了基于DMD的光谱成像技术未来的发展方向与应用前景。

针对基于数字微镜器件的全息显示分辨率受限的问题，提出了一种大尺寸、高分辨率计算全息显示方法。本文利用计算机渲染或相关变换方法生成高分辨率输入图像，利用菲涅尔衍射算法和傅立叶变换并行计算提升全息图的分辨率，根据数字微镜器件特性进行衍射图像的时空复用与动态融合，有效提升计算全息显示的分辨率与动态效率。实验结果表明，该方法可实现大尺寸、高分辨率的动态全息显示效果，突破了数字微镜器件固有的像素数目及分辨率限制，使用像素分辨率为2K的数字微镜器件可显示8K甚至更高分辨率的重建图像，尺寸可以达到82 mm甚至更大。

利用数字微镜器件将目标图案投影在样品面的方法相比于传统光照明方式大大提高了光刺激系统的空间选择性，但其光能利用率较小。全息光照射通过调制频谱面实现光能量的重新分布，在实现复杂的选择性光刺激同时，还具备较高的空间分辨率和光能利用率。构建了基于数字微镜器件的高时空分辨率的选择性逐点光刺激系统，通过在数字微镜器件上加载结构变化的二维达曼光栅相位图实现对视场内任意位置和任意时序的选择性逐点光刺激。研究表明，系统不仅能够以不同轨迹（如方形点阵、圆、螺旋线等）对全视场进行逐点的二维扫描，还能够选取感兴趣区域以自定义路径进行逐点扫描。该系统的最大扫描视场可达到400 μm，最小扫描步长为0.204 μm，单个扫描光斑的峰值半高宽最小可达到1.5 μm，单点扫描速度可达10 kHz。本系统适用于需要对样品进行高分辨光刺激或需要对感兴趣区域进行实时刺激的光遗传研究中。