Design, fabrication, and characterization of a highly nonlinear few-mode fiber

Jitao Gao; Elham Nazemosadat; Chen Yang; Songnian Fu; Ming Tang; Weijun Tong; Joel Carpenter; Jochen Schröder; Magnus Karlsson; Peter A. Andrekson

doi:doi:10.1364/PRJ.7.001354

Photonics Research, 2019, 7 (11): 11001354, Published Online: Nov. 1, 2019

Design, fabrication, and characterization of a highly nonlinear few-mode fiber Download： 603次

Jitao Gao ^1†Elham Nazemosadat ^2†Chen Yang ³Songnian Fu ^1,*Ming Tang ¹Weijun Tong ³Joel Carpenter ⁴Jochen Schröder ²Magnus Karlsson ²Peter A. Andrekson ²

Author Affiliations

¹ Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, and School of Optics and Electronic Information, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China

² Photonics Laboratory, Department of Microtechnology and Nanoscience, Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg 41296, Sweden

³ State Key Laboratory of Optical Fiber and Cable Manufacture Technology, Yangtze Optical Fiber and Cable Joint Stock Limited Company (YOFC), Wuhan 430073, China

⁴ School of Information Technology and Electrical Engineering, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia

Figures & Tables

Fig. 1. (a) Schematic of the intramodal and intermodal FWM processes. The colors represent the spatial modes of the waves. (b) The inverse group velocity (β1) versus angular frequency relation required for phase matching in the intermodal processes. The dashed lines indicate the β1 values at the average frequency of the two waves in each mode, which should be equal.

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Fig. 2. (a) Designed and measured refractive index profiles of the fabricated HNL-FMF at 1550 nm. The effective refractive index of the supported modes and their transverse mode profiles are also shown. (b) Relative inverse group velocity curves of the modes of the designed fiber and (c) those of the modes when the core radius or α parameters are changed ±1% from their optimal values.

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Fig. 3. SLM apparatus when used as the MMUX for mode excitation of the fabricated HNL-FMF. PBS, polarizing beam splitter; λ/2, half-wave plate.

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Fig. 4. Measured OTDR curves of both MGs.

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Fig. 5. Setup of time-domain pulse response measurement, where GSa/s stands for gigasamples per second.

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Fig. 6. Spectrogram of fiber pulse response over the C band. Inset: β2 of each eigenmode over the C band.

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Fig. 7. Setup of CW-SPM nonlinear coefficient measurement.

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Fig. 8. SPM spectra of the beating signal after propagation in different MGs. Inset: relationship between the SPM phase shift and the power ratio of the zero- and first-order harmonics, according to Ref. [36]. The two markers in the inset correspond to the power ratios of MGs labeled in the main figure.

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Fig. 9. Experimental setup for intermodal FWM. Signal and Pump 1 are connected with the HE11 port of the MMUX, while Pump 2 and Pump 3 are connected with the HE21 port and TE01 port, respectively.

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Fig. 10. Output spectra after mode demultiplexing. Two different MGs are received separately by changing the corresponding phase pattern in the MDMUX. For easier observation, a redshift of 0.1 nm is intentionally added on the spectrum when receiving the HE11 mode. Dashed lines indicate the cross talk from one MG to the other.

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Fig. 11. Spectra of conversion efficiency when the signal wavelength varies from 1549.6 to 1546 nm. The blue curves correspond to the BS idlers, while the orange curves correspond to the PC idlers. The dashed-dotted curves correspond to the CE curves found through simulations, and the black dashed line shows where Pump 2 is located.

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Jitao Gao, Elham Nazemosadat, Chen Yang, Songnian Fu, Ming Tang, Weijun Tong, Joel Carpenter, Jochen Schröder, Magnus Karlsson, Peter A. Andrekson. Design, fabrication, and characterization of a highly nonlinear few-mode fiber[J]. Photonics Research, 2019, 7(11): 11001354.

Design, fabrication, and characterization of a highly nonlinear few-mode fiber Download： 603次

Fig. 3. SLM apparatus when used as the MMUX for mode excitation of the fabricated HNL-FMF. PBS, polarizing beam splitter; λ/2, half-wave plate.

Fig. 4. Measured OTDR curves of both MGs.

Fig. 5. Setup of time-domain pulse response measurement, where GSa/s stands for gigasamples per second.

Fig. 6. Spectrogram of fiber pulse response over the C band. Inset: β2 of each eigenmode over the C band.

Fig. 7. Setup of CW-SPM nonlinear coefficient measurement.

Fig. 9. Experimental setup for intermodal FWM. Signal and Pump 1 are connected with the HE11 port of the MMUX, while Pump 2 and Pump 3 are connected with the HE21 port and TE01 port, respectively.

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Design, fabrication, and characterization of a highly nonlinear few-mode fiber Download： 603次

Fig. 3. SLM apparatus when used as the MMUX for mode excitation of the fabricated HNL-FMF. PBS, polarizing beam splitter; λ/2, half-wave plate.

Fig. 4. Measured OTDR curves of both MGs.

Fig. 5. Setup of time-domain pulse response measurement, where GSa/s stands for gigasamples per second.

Fig. 6. Spectrogram of fiber pulse response over the C band. Inset: β2 of each eigenmode over the C band.

Fig. 7. Setup of CW-SPM nonlinear coefficient measurement.

Fig. 9. Experimental setup for intermodal FWM. Signal and Pump 1 are connected with the HE11 port of the MMUX, while Pump 2 and Pump 3 are connected with the HE21 port and TE01 port, respectively.

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