自适应光学系统对空间运动目标校正性能分析

地基大口径望远镜自适应光学系统对空间目标的校正性能相对天文目标明显退化.为有针对性地优化观测参数, 获取空间目标最佳校正效果, 需要对自适应光学系统对空间运动目标校正性能进行合理地预测.以波前探测器测量的校正后波前残差为度量标准, 通过对空间目标轨道分析, 推导了空间目标最佳自适应观测仰角的存在和计算方法.以长春光机所自研的1.23m望远镜为例, 分析了空间目标随轨道变化的大气相干长度对空间拟合像差、格林伍德频率对时域拟合像差、目标信号强度对波前测量误差的影响.结果表明: 时域拟合像差相对空间拟合像差占主要成分; 目标信号强度变化对波前测量误差的影响不大; 目标、轨道、系统参数不同, 对应的最佳自适应观测仰角亦不同.另外, 通过改变湍流相位板通光尺寸、转速以及光源亮度分别模拟大气相干长度、格林伍德频率以及目标信号强度的变化, 构造了可用于测试自适应光学系统对不同轨道状况空间目标的校正性能的实验系统.

Abstract

The performance of adaptive optical system of a ground-based large telescope when observing spatial objectives degraded comparing with observing astronomical objectives . To adjust the parameters of adaptive optical system purposively, and get the best correction result, it was necessary to predict the performance of adaptive optical system for spatial objectives. Presence of the best observation elevation range for spatial objectives having different orbits was validated by analysis of orbits based on the residual wavefront errors after correction. The corresponding calculation method was also concluded. The effects of the variation of atmospheric coherence length on the spatial fitting errors, Greenwood frequency on the temporal fitting errors, signal intensity on the wavefront measurement errors were analyzed based on the 1.23m telescope made by CIOMP. The result showed that the temporal fitting errors were primary compared to the spatial fitting errors, the wavefront measurement errors could be neglected when signal intensity of the spatial objectives varying, and the best observation elevations were different for different spatial objectives, orbits and telescope systems. An experiment system was constructed to test an adaptive optical system for different spatial objective by changing the aperture diameter of the turbulence phase plate, velocity and the light source intensity to simulate the variation of the atmospheric coherence length, Greenwood frequency and the signal intensity individually.

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