采集三峡库区(TGRA)沿岸6个典型段面沉积物及水淹线上土壤样品, 分别提取腐殖质, 分离并纯化腐殖酸和富里酸, 联合红外和拉曼的分子振动光谱技术, 表征了各段面腐殖酸和富里酸的分子结构, 归属了各振动峰位, 获得了库区土壤及沉积物中腐殖质分子的官能团特征振动信息; 结合库区土壤腐殖化程度、 土壤背景、 利用方式、 水位涨落等环境条件, 考察了腐殖质官能团振动特征变化。 结果显示: 各采样段面的腐殖质结构中均以C—O, C—C, 及聚合氢键的振动特征较显著, 上游土壤腐殖质结构中的官能团数量多于下游土壤; 土壤的腐殖化程度对其腐殖质结构的振动光谱影响较大; 农耕模式的土壤表现出较高的腐殖化程度; 沉积物与本底土壤腐殖质结构的振动特征变化不明显。

The six typical different parts of soils and sediments along the bank of the Three Gorges Reservoir Area (TGRA) were collected, and the humic substance isolated from the six parts of the soils and sediments’ samples was separated to humic acid and fulvic acid, purified, and characterized with the combination of the Raman and IR vibrational spectroscopic technologies after cool-dried separation; through assigning the vibrational peaks in each part of the Raman and IR spectra of each sample part, the vibrational characteristics of the structures and the groups that belonged to the molecules of the humic acids and the fulvic acids in the soils and sediments of the TGRA were obtained; the changing features of the groups and structures in the humic acid and the fulvic aicd’s molecules from the different soils and sediments in the TGRA were discussed with the environmental impact factors such as soil humic degree, the conditions of different soils conference, using and/or cultivating models and water level fluctuations. From the experimental results, the vibrations about C—O, C—C, and poly-hydrogen bonds dominate in the structures and the groups of each part’ humic substance; the active vibration numbers in the upstream are more than in the downstream; the soil’s humic degree has great effect on the formation of the humic substances’ structures in soil’s humic substance; the soil used as agricultural cultivating mode showed higher humic degrees in the upstream parts of the TGRA. The effect of the water level’s fluctuation on the formation of the humic acid and fulvic aicd in the sediments of the TGRA is not obvious in the short time.