对提升激光雷达作用距离的方法进行了分析, 针对2 km以上的远程探测应用, 提出了一种轻小型能够全天时工作的光子计数激光三维成像雷达解决方案, 可用于轻小型飞行器制导, 无人机、直升机、船舶导航与避障, 铁路轨道障碍物探查等有远程探测需求的应用场合。该系统采取光子计数高探测灵敏度方案, 光学应用收发共光路设计, 收发望远镜巧妙采用了共轭光学设计, 二维扫描机构放置于望远镜的后方, 不但扩大了望远镜口径, 提升了作用距离, 同时也缩减了扫描镜尺寸, 有利于扫描速度的提高, 激光收发采取窄发散角和瞬时视场共视场扫描设计, 再结合超窄带滤波器的应用, 使得系统能够实现强烈背景噪声条件下的工作。最后讨论了高重频微脉冲激光器、发射杂散光干扰、偏振激光雷达适应性以及光子计数背景滤波去噪处理技术等技术难点。

A compact design of photon counting 3D imaging ladar was proposed, which can be used in full-time remote detection applications but with strict restrictions on the size and weight, such as high-speed vehicle guidance, high-speed UAV, helicopter, ship navigation and obstacle avoidance, and railway track obstacles exploration. This design adopted high sensitivity photon counting technology, common aperture for laser transmission and receives, as well as conjugate optics in the telescope. And the two-dimensional scanning mechanism was placed in the rear of the telescope, to expand the telescope aperture, improve the detecting range and reduce the size of scanning mirror. With a smaller scanning mirror, the scanning speed was further improved. The laser transceiver was designed with a narrow divergence angle and narrow instantaneous common FOV. Combined with the application of ultra narrowband filter, the ladar system can achieve good performance under the strong daylight noise condition. At last, key technologies of high repetition laser emission, emission stray light suppression, polarization degradation, photon counting sunlight background denoising use in this design were discussed.