Design and analysis of a range-extended acidity detector based on a Nile red laser with tandem cuvette system 
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1 Department of Optics and Optical Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
2 CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, iChEM, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
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Fig. 1. Experimental setup. A potassium titanyl phosphate (KTP) crystal served as a frequency doubling crystal; the cavity mirror had high transmission (HT) at 532 nm () and high reflectance (HR) in the range of 560 nm to 700 nm (); the output coupler had partial transmission () from 400 nm to 700 nm.
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Fig. 2. (a) Laser/FL spectrum. (b) Slope efficiency curve and FWHM of the output spectrum. (c) Oscilloscope trace of output laser. (d) Spectra of output laser in 60 μg/mL NR/ethanol solution containing SA in different concentrations. (e) Spectra of output laser in 200 μg/mL NR/ethanol solution containing SA in different concentrations.
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Fig. 3. Bathochromic shift of laser wavelength corresponding to different concentrations of doped SA.
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Fig. 4. (a) Tandem cuvette detection system of SA. Inset figure: details of tandem cuvette structure containing R6G/ethanol and NR/ethanol with SA. (b) Spectra of output laser in tandem cuvette system with high concentration of SA from 0 ppm to 500 ppm. The laser peak at 565 nm was in the spectrum of R6G/ethanol. (c) Spectra of output laser in tandem cuvette system with low concentration of SA from 1 ppm to 10 ppm. The laser peak at 565 nm was in the spectrum of R6G/ethanol.
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Table1. FL Spectra of Nile Red in Different Solvents
| Solvent | Ethanol | DMF | Acetone | Chloroform | Ethyl Acetate | Ether |
|---|
| Relative polaritya | 0.654 | 0.386 | 0.355 | 0.259 | 0.228 | 0.117 | | Fluorescence peak (nm) | 634 | 616 | 607 | 602 | 593 | 584 |
|
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Table2. Wavelength of Laser Output in 60 μg/mL NR/Ethanol Solution Corresponding to Different SA Concentrations
| Concentration of SA (ppm) | 0 | 10 | 20 | 50 | 100 | 200 | 500 |
|---|
| Wavelength (nm) | 652.94 | 658.88 | 663.07 | 668.93 | 673.83 | 677.48 | 678.85 |
|
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Table3. Wavelength of Laser Output in 200 μg/mL NR/Ethanol Solution Corresponding to Different SA Concentrations
| Concentration of SA (ppm) | 0 | 10 | 20 | 50 | 100 | 200 | 500 |
|---|
| Wavelength (nm) | 653.82 | 666.16 | 669.85 | 675.20 | 679.15 | 679.16 | 679.15 |
|
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Table4. Intensity Ratio of Dual-wavelength Laser and Wavelength Position Corresponding to Different Concentration of SA in Tandem Cuvette System
| Concentration of SA (ppm) | 0 | 1 | 2 | 5 | 8 | 10 | 20 | 50 | 100 | 200 | 500 |
|---|
| Intensity ratio of dual-wavelength (normalized) | 0 | 0.102 | 0.143 | 0.851 | 1.390 | 4.630 | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | | Wavelength (nm) | 636.0 | 636.0/648.5 | 636.1/649.2 | 636.3/654.2 | 636.6/654.5 | 636.0/654.8 | 660.1 | 666.5 | 671.2 | 675.5 | 676.0 |
|
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Yuwei Fang, Junjie Cheng, Shengbo Wang, Chun Gu, Gang Zou, Hai Ming, Lixin Xu. Design and analysis of a range-extended acidity detector based on a Nile red laser with tandem cuvette system[J]. Chinese Optics Letters, 2020, 18(11): 111402.
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